Harriet Tubman One Of The Most Essential Leaders - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 923 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/31 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Harriet Tubman Essay Did you like this example? Harriet Tubman: The Moses of Her People and Her Struggle for Freedom The period of history leading up to the Civil War was one of turmoil and immense change- politically, socially, and economically- in the United States. With the war on the brink, many influential people arose during this time of conflict to take a stand and voice their opinions. During this period there was a particularly prominent, if not the most prominent, abolitionist woman by the name of Harriet Tubman. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Harriet Tubman: One Of The Most Essential Leaders" essay for you Create order Tubman was responsible for the freedom of over 300 slaves through the Underground Railroad. Due to her bravery, leadership, and selflessness, Harriet Tubman was one of the most prolific leaders in the struggle to end American slavery. Because she was a brave and determined woman, Harriet Tubman freed hundreds of slaves during her time on the Underground Railroad, even though this work came with great risk and danger. As one man by the name of Levi Coffin put it,â€Å"Abolitionists were very unpopular characters at that time, both in religious and political associations, and many who favored the principles of abolitionism lacked the moral courage to face public opinion,† (Coffin) Utilizing a highly intelligent and effective system called the Underground Railroad developed by abolitionists, Harriet Tubman was able to save hundreds of men, women, and children from slavery. There were great risks to her work, but Tubman saw it as her calling and was eager to help those who needed her. She was so prolific, she was addressed as Moses, â€Å"Her name was Harriet Tubman, they said, but she was better known as Moses. A namesake of the biblical prophet who had brought his people out of bondage and into the Promised Land, Tubman had led more of her brethren out of Egypt—as she called the slaveholding South—than any other person, black or white, male or female, in American history,† (Scott King and Taylor). Tubman was known as â€Å"the Moses of her people,† because of her work leading others to freedom. As told by the Bible, â€Å"He (Moses) helped bring the Israelites out of slavery and leads them for the next four decades,†. We can see why she would be called this, as she led her people from slavery to freedom. Just as Moses led the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, Tubman led black slaves out of slavery in the South. Another thing that could be said about Harriet Tubman is that she was brave. â€Å"Harriet Tubman always carried a revolver on the Underground Railroad, and she was always ready to use it. â€Å"‘She could not read or write, but she had military genius,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ a contemporary said of her,† () This further proves Tubman’s bravery and willingness to lay her life on the line to help her people. She was willing to sacrifice so much and out herself at the forefront of danger for the people she was freeing. In a letter written from Frederick Douglas, a prominent abolitionist leader at the time, to Harriet Tubman, Douglas praises Tubman’s character, comparing her to night and himself to day, referencing societys failure to recognize Tubman and her achievements. He says, â€Å"The difference between us is very marked. Most that I have done and suffered in the service of our cause has been in public, and I have received much encouragement at every step of t he way. You, on the other hand, have labored in a private way. I have wrought in the day—you in the night.† Frederick Douglas, another notable abolitionist throughout the civil war, acknowledges all the substantial work she has done. Praise from someone with a reputation of such a high caliber means that Tubman was not a lost figure in history. Her work being honored by a man with the status that Frederick Douglas further proves how influential and important Tubman was in the fight to end slavery and free those enslaved. One can also see how influential Harriet Tubman was by the bounty put on her head. If she had been some low level, unknown person, the price would have been much lower. However, â€Å"Tubman continued to help slaves toward freedom without any consideration of the consequences of being caught. The authorities and slave owners were so desperate to catch her that at one point there was a $40,000 reward for her capture,†. () Her work was so important and well known, there was an extremely high price, especially for the time period, on her head. To be exact, â€Å" $40, 000 in 1865 is equivalent in purchasing power to $601,521.47 in 2017,†. () Even with a bounty of over half a million dollars in today’s times, she did not stop her work. All of those opposed to freeing slaves were looking for her, yet she continued on. This amount of money recognizes how important she was to the abolitionist movement and how much of a leader she was. Harriet Tubman was one of the most essential leaders in the movement to free slaves and a huge part of the Underground Railroad. During her time working, Tubman led over 300 slaves to freedom, including her own family members. She was called â€Å"Moses† because of her role as a guide in the struggle for freedom, and she wore this title proudly. The name Harriet Tubman was a name met with trust, respect, and admiration because of her daunting work. She never lost a passenger, and this fact was very important to her. Harriet Tubman gave hundreds of previously enslaved persons a second chance at a new life: one free of enslavement, and instead filled with hope.

Military VS Civilian Compensation - 1301 Words

Military Compensation versus Civilian Compensation Military Compensation versus Civilian Compensation The advantages of a career in the U.S. military greatly outweigh working in a civilian career when considering compensation such as education, salary, health care, and retirement. In today’s economy, everyone is looking to receive the most from his or her employer. A person wants a salary that can provide for his or her family, a healthcare plan with little out-of-pocket cost, retirement benefits to plan for the future, and an education that makes it all that possible. The military offers exemplary tuition assistance and salary when benefits such as the basic housing allowance are taken into†¦show more content†¦Becoming eligible for a defined-benefit plan requires that employees work for the company for a minimum of five years; however, retirement payouts are larger the longer an employee stays with a company. Civilian employees must also wait until at least age 62 to retire and can retire anytime between the age 62 and 70; however, retirement benefits are reduced wh en an employee retires early. Military retirement plans are very different from their civilian counterparts, in that military service members do not invest any money into their retirement plan. After 15 years of service a military employee can choose between two plans: a standard High-3 plan or a Redux retirement plan. The standard High-3 plan bases retirement pay on the highest average basic pay for 36 months of a service member’s career. Choosing the Redux retirement plan, a service member will receive a $30,000.00 bonus, a percentage-based annuity, and basic pay. Military employees can retire after 20 years of service, so the average age of a service member at retirement is age 40. Another remarkable benefit that military service members can use for retirement is a thrift savings plan that resembles a civilian 401k. The most significant difference in a thrift savings plan is that the military does not match any employee contributions. By not matching what a service member investsShow MoreRelatedAgent Orange : A Herbicide Mixture Used By The Us Military During The Vietnam War Essay1350 Words   |  6 PagesAgent Orange is a herbicide mixture used by the US military during the Vietnam War. (Agent Orange Vietnam War History). The Department of defense advance project (DARPA) had an important role in the U.S development of herbicides as a military weapon (usa.gov). The first large scale defoliation by the US military took place in Fort Drum using a chemical called agent purple and a spray system that was the model for the one used in Vietnam (Buckingham). The use of chemicals in war is considered biologicalRead MoreInsurance : Insurance And Insurance Essay1158 Words   |  5 Pagesboundaries agreed upon for damages caused to the insured from an accident or a principal sum that should be paid for an event that occurred that was liable to human life. The major types of insurance that were reviewed were Medicare, worker’s compensation, Tricare, gr oup insurance, CHAMPVA, Medicaid, and individual insurance. Under Medicare insurance, people over the age of sixty-five, young people with disabilities, and individuals with End-Stage Renal Disease qualify for this coverage. The advantageRead MoreKey Performance Indicators Of A Metric883 Words   |  4 Pagesaggregated activities †¢ used as predictors of future performance Listed below are examples of simple metrics that many organizations use to help them meet their organizational objectives: †¢ turnover rate †¢ cost of turnover †¢ reasons for turnover †¢ total compensation expense per FTE †¢ employee engagement index †¢ revenue per employee †¢ cost per hire All HR processes and systems must support desired organizational performance objectives and if they don’t they are probably of waste of time and resources. TrackingRead MoreUnion Oil Company of California1026 Words   |  4 Pagesthe government of Burma was a military dictatorship accused of endlessly violating the human rights of the Burmese people. In 1998, Burma’s army made the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) head of the government by taking over power. In its 1991 â€Å"Country Reports on Human Right Practices†, the U.S. State Department, stated that the SLORC had ruled order through a very strong violations of human rights. Again in 1995, the report wrote that the Burmese military government had taken hundredsRead MoreWar Crimes Against Harry Truman1743 Words   |  7 Pageswould be considered inhumane. War crimes are defined by the ICRC as any action that is carried out during war that violates the International Rules of War. It can also be defined as launching an attack knowing that it will cause incidental loss of civilian lives, or inflict injuries on them. Harry Truman violated not one, but many of the sections to the International Rules of War. Murdering thousands of Japanese, sending others to internment camps, and dropping â€Å"Little Boy† and â€Å"Fat Man† onto a nonmilitaryRead MoreThe World Trade Center Building1375 Words   |  6 PagesWashington D.C. to Los Angeles was hijacked between 8:51 and 8:54 a.m. The hijackers also used knives and directed all passengers to move towards the back of the plane. At 9:37, the plane crashed into the Pentagon, killing all on board as well as military and civilian personnel in the building. The final plane, United Airlines flight 93, left Newark, New Jersey for San Francisco. All hijackers had seemed to have planned their attacks within a 10 to 15 minute window but United 93 departed 25 minutes lateRead MoreBusiness Vs. Government Owned Business2059 Wor ds   |  9 Pages Most Military Soldiers believe that when they get out of the Military and start a business that there is only one type of business they can own. They also believe that they will not have any problems in achieving their own business goals and will have stability in that business. This is why they have to set long and short term goals. Look at privately owned business vs. government owned business and the pros and cons of making your choice of business. When making that choice of either businessRead MoreAmerica s A Country Divided Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pagestheir attack, Battleship Row, Wheeler Army Airfield, and Hickam Air Force Base were all hit in two waves. John Mueller is a political scientist who has researched the damage that occurred the day of the attack. Looking at his graphs in â€Å"Pearl Harbor: Military Inconvenience, Political Disaster† it is seen that a total of twenty-one ships and sixty-three United States planes were damaged or destroyed (178181). The reason Imperial Japan attacked us in the first place was because we cut off their oil supplyRead More Renewable vs Nonrenewable Resources Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesRenewable vs Nonrenewable Resources The United States has 4% of the worlds people, but as a country consumes 25% of the worlds oil. The U.S. and Western Europe are obsessed with a standard of living that is reliant on energy consumption maintained by the burning of fossil fuels. These nonrenewable resources continue to be depleted, despite the fact that solar power, wind power, hydropower, biomass, and many other renewable resources are available and accessible. The switch to these renewablesRead More The Myths of Vietnam Essay5554 Words   |  23 Pages Contending versions of the Vietnam War and the antiwar movement began to develop even before the war ended. The hawks version, then and now, holds that the war was winnable, but the press, micromanaging civilian game theorists in the Pentagon, and antiwar hippies lost it. . . . The doves version, contrarily, remains that the war was unwise and unwinnable no matter what strategy was employed or how much firepower was used. . . Both of these versions of the war and the antiwar movement as they

Humanistic Psychology and Positive Psychology

Question: Discuss about the Humanistic Psychology and Positive Psychology. Answer: Introduction: This essay aims to define and describe the field of positive psychology and provide an explanation regarding its prominence and its difference with traditional psychology. Positive Psychology is a branch of psychology, which utilizes the systematic understanding as well as efficient intervention for assisting to attain a satisfactory life in comparison to the treating psychological illness (Boniwell Zimbardo, 2015). It focuses on the growth of the individuals and is concerned with the scientific study of thriving of human beings. Some of the psychologists have also defined it as the study regarding the qualities and strengths that facilitate the individuals as well as communities for flourishing. According to Gable and Haidt (2005), positive psychology is categorized as the logical study, which focuses on the experiences of the positive subjective and traits of the positive character are coming in association. Positive Psychology findings signify that happiness is enhanced as well a s affected in different ways (Niemiec Wedding, 2013). Social associations with friends, family, spouse and wider networks by means of work and other societal interactions are of particular significance (McNulty Fincham, 2012). A number of psychologists like Erich Fromm, Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow developed theories as well as practices with respect to happiness and flourishing of humans. In recent times, positive psychologists have discovered an empirical support for the flourishing theories of humans. Additionally, Positive psychology has moved forward in different new directions (Schrank et al., 2014). While for the second part of this essay, the research area of character strengths has been selected to fulfill the criteria of this essay effectively. According to Seligman Csikszentmihalyi (2014), positive psychology involves three issues: Positive traits of the individuals, positive institutions and positive emotions. Positive emotions involve the feeling of being satisfied with the past, being glad in the existing time and having expectations for the future. The positive characters of the individuals focus on the strengths as well as qualities. Positive institutions are concerned with the strengths for the betterment of the individuals in the community. According to Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi, the goal of positive psychology is to construct a field, which focuses on the well-being and situations of the human beings, virtues and strengths of the individuals that allow them to thrive. However, a number of researchers had already carried out a study on happiness and hopefulness, psychology was inconsistently focused on the treatment of psychological illness in comparison to the promotion of mental health (White, 2012). At the i ndividual level, it is regarding the positive trait of the individuals, the ability for vocation as well as love, perseverance, interpersonal skill, courage, originality, aesthetic responsiveness, high aptitude and future mindedness spirituality (Schrank et al., 2014). At the group level, it is regarding the civic qualities and the associations that shift persons towards enhanced residency: toleration, consideration, selflessness, self-control, work ethic and nurturance (Gable Haidt, 2005). Positive psychology differs from traditional psychology in a way that positive psychology has become more frequently utilized approach for researching in the field (Waterman, 2013). It differs from traditional psychology in the sense that instead of considering the problems of the individuals and the way for dealing with them unswervingly, which is the most familiar type of psychology (White, 2012). On the other hand, something can be offered by positive psychology by which the human beings can be benefitted as it offers us with an opportunity to assist in finding the inner strengths of an individual by focusing more on the practical steps for utilizing their individual abilities for prospering in the society (Rich, 2013). The approach of traditional psychology describes the problem and subsequently finding the ways for treating the problems by using different techniques (Mongrain Anselmo-Matthews, 2012). Often observing the past, present and future actions of the individuals as wel l as focusing more on any distressing events that may have taken place during the life of the individuals and how these events have made a contribution in the overall functioning of the individual (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). The movement of positive psychology was first formed by Martin Seligman, a renowned psychologist. He astonished his counterparts by asserting that the lives of the psychologists should not be spent by devoting on how the things have turned wrong with the lives of the individuals but they should find ideas regarding the methods that can lead to a contented life. It has been argued by Sheldon that negative prejudice from traditional psychology may result in the individuals for limiting the understanding of distinctive and flourishing functioning of humans. He also argued that it is an excellent course of action for constantly assuring any sort of problem for fixing if one is present and if negative prejudice has been removed extra things that may be missed (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi, 2014). The second part of the essay will discuss the chosen research area i.e. character strengths. The two articles namely, Strengths of Character and Wellbeing (Park, N., Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. P. (2004) and Strengths gym: The impact of character strengths-based interventions on the life satisfaction and wellbeing of adolescents (Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Eades, J. F., Linley, P. A. (2011) will be analyzed on the basis of the mentioned questions. In the first article, the investigation has been carried out concerning the association between different character strengths along with the satisfaction of life. The research area of this article concerns the Strengths of character and Well-being, which is associated with positive psychology. The investigation has been carried out utilizing the principles in accomplishing record of strengths. According to Park, Peterson Seligman (2004), character strength refers to the positive traits that can be reflected in behaviors, feelings and thoughts. It is mainly a temperament to feel, act and desire, which is concerned with the implementation of decision and leads to a decipherable individual excellence or instance of thriving of humans. The researchers in this article have created consistent tools for evaluating the positive traits based on the character strength criteria. In this article, the impact of the research area on the well-being is measured on the basis of the preliminary investigations which have demonstrated a satisfactory consistency as well as promising validity together with the examination of the association between character strengths and subjective well-being. The research methods of this article are succinct and each of utilized methods in this study potentially influences the results that have been reported as the findings of this study revealed that Zest and Hope are significantly associated with life satisfaction. Additionally, several other strengths like love, gratitud e as well as inquisitiveness are also associated with life satisfaction (Park, Peterson Seligman, 2004). The research area of the second article is concerned with the examination of the impact of strength gym, which is a disposition strengths-based positive program of psychological involvement on the life contentment of adolescents. In this study, the researchers have utilized a quasi-experimental treatment-control condition design and a comparison has been made on the outcomes of the students for life satisfaction, self-esteem together with negative and positive effects. In this article, the impact of the research area on the well-being is measured on the basis of character strengths that are associated with the flourishing and well-being of the youth and children. The research has confirmed that certain character strengths are related to enhanced satisfaction of life, academic achievement, reduced psychopathology and smaller number of externalizing as well as internalizing behaviour problems. The research methods that have been used in this study are concise as the findings support th e assertion that positive psychology theorys implementation in the curriculum of school by means of the use of student materials can help in building character strengths along with life satisfaction in the students. Each of the utilized research methods in this study potentially influences the results that have been reported as the results present motivating support for the exercises based on strengths of the character in the curriculum of school through enhanced satisfaction of life and happiness among children as well as adolescents (Proctor et al., 2011). To conclude, Positive psychology has a significant role in human life as it assists in flourishing and gaining life satisfaction. It involves coherent understanding as well as effectual intervention to assist for achieving a satisfactory life in comparison to the treating a mental or psychological illness. Positive emotions engage the feelings of being satisfied with the past, being cheerful in the existing time and having expectations for the future. In addition, Positive psychology has moved forward in different new directions. The findings of positive psychology indicate that happiness is increased and affected in several ways. The positive traits of the individuals focus on the strengths as well as qualities. Positive institutions are concerned with the strengths for the betterment of the individuals in the community. It has become more frequently utilized approach for researching in the field. It differs from traditional psychology in a way that instead of considering the proble ms of the individuals and the way for dealing with them differently, which is the most familiar type of psychology. The findings of the first article have revealed that Zest and Hope are considerably linked with satisfaction of life. In addition, numerous other strengths like love, gratefulness and curiosity are also linked with satisfaction of life. On the other hand, the findings of the second article have revealed that certain character strengths are related to enhanced satisfaction of life, academic achievement, reduced psychopathology and smaller number of externalizing as well as internalizing behaviour problems effectively. References Boniwell, I., Zimbardo, P. G. (2015). C ENTRAL TO THE DISCIPLINE of positive psychology (Seligman Csikszentmihalyi.Positive Psychology in Practice: Promoting Human Flourishing in Work, Health, Education, and Everyday Life, 223. Gable, S. L., Haidt, J. (2005). What (and why) is positive psychology?.Review of general psychology,9(2), 103. McNulty, J. K., Fincham, F. D. (2012). Beyond positive psychology? Toward a contextual view of psychological processes and well-being.American Psychologist,67(2), 101. Mongrain, M., Anselmo-Matthews, T. (2012). Do positive psychology exercises work? A replication of Seligman et al.().Journal of clinical psychology,68(4). Niemiec, R. M., Wedding, D. (2013).Positive psychology at the movies: Using films to build virtues and character strengths. Hogrefe Publishing. Park, N., Peterson, C., Seligman, M. E. (2004). Strengths of character and well-being.Journal of social and Clinical Psychology,23(5), 603-619. Proctor, C., Tsukayama, E., Wood, A. M., Maltby, J., Eades, J. F., Linley, P. A. (2011). Strengths gym: The impact of a character strengths-based intervention on the life satisfaction and well-being of adolescents.The Journal of Positive Psychology,6(5), 377-388. Rich, G. J. (2013). Finding flow: The history and future of a positive psychology concept. InPositive psychology(pp. 43-60). Springer New York. Schrank, B., Brownell, T., Tylee, A., Slade, M. (2014). Positive psychology: An approach to supporting recovery in mental illness.East Asian Archives of Psychiatry,24(3), 95. Seligman, M. E., Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2014).Positive psychology: An introduction(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Waterman, A. S. (2013). The humanistic psychologypositive psychology divide: Contrasts in philosophical foundations.American Psychologist,68(3), 124. White, A. G. (2012). A Global Projection of Subjective Well-being: A Challenge To Positive Psychology? Psychtalk 56.

The Alchemist (Summary) free essay sample

Santiago, a young shepherd boy from Spain gives up everything to pursue his dream. He always wanted to travel when he was little, so he became a shepherd. Santiago traveled from city to city to sell wool from his sheep. While sleeping in a church one day, he has a dream about finding treasure at the pyramids in Egypt. Santiago continues selling wool until one day at a plaza he meets a mysterious old man who convinces him to pursue his personal legend. The old man teaches him that every person has his/her own personal legend to achieve and when you want something, all the universe conspires in helping you to achieve it. With that in mind Santiago decides to sell his sheep and travel to find the treasure. He travels to Tangier in Africa, where he dose not know the language the people speak. Santiago is robbed for all his money shortly after arriving in Tangier. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alchemist (Summary) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With no money and no sheep, he is left hopeless. He realizes that he was stupid to believe in his dream. He needed to find a way to make money to return home so, he gets a Job cleaning crystals. He works with the crystal merchant and brings the shop great success. Santiago works for nearly a year and saves up enough money to return home and buy a new flock of weep.He thinks of the old man and decides to pursue his personal legend. In order to get to the pyramids Santiago must cross the desert so he Joins a caravan where he meets an intriguing Englishman. The Englishman shares his passion and knowledge of his dream to meet a 200 year old alchemist. Along the Journey through the silent and dangerous desert, Santiago becomes wiser and learns many valuable lessons that will help him along his Journey. He arrives at the oasis and falls In love with a girl named. He Is approached by an alchemist who helps him with the last bit of his journey. Santiago discovers many parts of the world he never expected to discover. He Is faced with many challenges. Throughout the Journey Santiago convinces him self to quit and go back to the girl at the oasis but Santiago listens to his heart and tries to fulfill his dream. As he gets closer and closer to his dream, he discovers the treasure In a place where he had least expected. This story Is simple yet entertaining and filled with many unexpected events and valuable lessons. It teaches us to listen to our hearts and follow our own personal legends to find our hidden treasures.

Devin Getachew Essays

Devin Getachew Essays Devin Getachew Essay Devin Getachew Essay What observed was that mall sees were more likely to get hypertension than females. Blood pressure tends to rise with age. About 65 percent of Americans aged 60 or older have High blood pressure. One of the most common forms of high blood pres sure in older adults is chronic hypertension. Chronic hypertension occurs when the systolic blood pressure is high. About 66. 7% people over age 60 with high blood pressure have Chronic hyper tension. Men and women are equally likely to develop HIP during their lifetimes. However, beef re age 45, men re more likely to have HIP than women (Gibbons). Smoking, being overweight HTH or obesity, lack of physical activity, too much salt in the diet, too much alcohol consumption on, stress, older age, and genetics. A person with chronic hypertension are more likely to develop pop heart and blood vessel disease. This increases your risk of a heart attack, stroke, heart failure, or kidney disease. There was an article that related to my hypothesis, and proved my hypothesis to be accurate to some extent. The article said that men before the age of 55 are ore common to contract chronic hypertension than women, however after age 55 women are get chronic hypertension. The reasons for gender differences in blood press ere are not known and several laboratories are still researching. Some studies demonstrated that t women tend to have higher heart pump output and lower blood vessel resistance, thereby mi missing blood vessel injury (Chosen). However my hypothesis is still accepted. My research I s valid because I collected the data of 10 women and 10 men from the website www. Meme. Com . Therefore my tat is valid to some extent because its been taken from the website, but its n tot real live data from 10 subjects that know. That is 1 weakness of my data. Another would b e the fact that my histogram looks misleading. Evaluation Factor Effect on Experiment Improvement Subjects were computer generated didnt receive health data from actual subjects. It would be better to randomly select 10 subjects in the older age range.

Photography Aperture and Shutter Speed Essay

Photography Aperture and Shutter Speed Essay Photography: Aperture and Shutter Speed Essay Camera Settings: Step 1: Never use the Auto (P) function on the camera ï Å  Three critical components to taking a photo – 1) ISO setting 2) Aperture 3) Shutter speed Always try to use A (aperture), TV (shutter speed) or M (Manual) settings on your camera. For all three you first need to set your ISO. ISO: Best way to think about ISO is in terms of the amount of ‘noise’ in a picture (or grainy pixels). A low ISO setting e.g. 100 will give you the lowest amount of noise and thus the highest quality image. A high ISO e.g. 4,000+ will give you more grain. The high-end cameras will still provide excellent quality at very high ISOs, and sometimes, especially with a black and white, the grainy look can be what you wish for anyway. Using a high ISO is good when you want to avoid using a flash but you are inside a building or if it is darker outside. You can retain a low ISO if you reduce the shutter speed but try to avoid a shutter speed lower than 60 as if the camera is hand held it will introduce camera shake (obviously if you use a tripod, go as low as you like with shutter speed) Suggest, switching to M, and then create levels of darkness inside and try out the different ISO settings until you understand what your camera will achieve at the different levels, in different conditions. Generally speaking for hand held photography – Bright sunny day = 100 ISO Cloudy day = 400 ISO Inside = maybe 600/800 Evening or in dark churches etc. = could be 2000 plus Once the ISO is set†¦ Aperture: Switch the camera to A – this means aperture priority! Therefore, if you choose an aperture setting (numbers from 1.5 – 22 usually, depending on lens used), the shutter speed will change automatically according to the light conditions and ensure that you have the correct exposure. (meter reading – there is a line on your camera screen with 0 in the middle. You aim to get a middle reading. If the arrow goes above 0 it indicates that some of the picture is over exposed, or if under 0 it is under exposed) There will be times where you will actively select an over or under exposure but I will comment on this later. Aperture numbers – there are more technical explanations that what follows but the general rule is a low aperture number or WIDE aperture as it is correctly put e.g. 1.5 / 2.0 etc. will provide part of the picture in detail and the rest as a blur. You can aid this process by introducing distance between the subject and the background. The more distance between, the more blurred the background will be at wide aperture settings. Also, if you then get close to your subject e.g. a coke bottle, with a wide setting, you will only get part of the label in focus. If you steadily back away, more of the bottle will come into focus. The flipside, is if you have a high number e.g. 18 / 22 (NARROW aperture), then all of the picture will be in focus and there will be no blur. NOTE: Lets say the subject is where the two lines cross. Your aperture number tells the camera how much either side (front and back) of the subject is to be in focus. Therefore, if you are taking a landscape picture, you do not need to focus on the horizon. Focus on something in the middle and with a narrow aperture, the front and back of the middle will then be in focus. Shutter Speed: Change the setting to TV (might be S on the camera too?) This now gives the shutter speed the priority! Select your shutter speed and then the camera will automatically change the aperture to ensure a correct exposure. I use this function less often, but broadly speaking, if you are taking pics of kids running, or cars driving past and you want them in sharp focus then 1/700 or higher is effective. For static objects, then its about how well you hold your camera (and what you want your other settings to be) but I’d advise never going lower than 1/60 without a tripod.

Mergers and acquisitions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Mergers and acquisitions - Coursework Example Case examples about the impacts of government regulation of mergers and acquisitions will be drawn from USA, Europe and China. The paper is specifically concerned with analysing current issues pertaining to government regulation of mergers and acquisitions in China in comparison to the other developed countries. According to Jackson & Schuler (2000), in a merger, the two firms are supposedly on equal footing after they have been merged where one new company will continue to exist while in an acquisition, it is clear that one firm will take control of the other’s resources. There are various reasons why firms embark on mergers and acquisitions and these include the following: the need to increase their market share, increase their geographic reach as well as responding to new deregulation. In most cases, one major objective of a merger or acquisition is to gain skills and talents of people employed by another company. Therefore, it would be imperative for both parties involved to have a sound understanding of the concept of mergers and acquisitions and no one company should yield more power over another since this would imply easy takeover of another company’s assets and resources. A good deal should be in actual fact beneficial to both parties involved. However, of concern is that these businesses do not operate in a vacuum but in different environments that are characterised by different policies. The advent of globalisation has seen a significant rise in cross border mergers and acquisitions where the large multinational corporations seek to gain a strategic position and competitive advantage in the global market (Zhao 2008). However, this state of affairs can be advantageous to the multinational corporations as they will be able to attain their goal of making profits but it will pose challenges of supervision of these mergers and acquisitions by the host government (Zhao 2008). From this assertion, it can be noted that regulation is somehow imp ortant so as to prevent monopolies whereby the dominant multinational corporations can end up reaping huge profits at the expense of the welfare of the general citizens of the host country. Thus, regulation can be defined as â€Å"action formed and carried out by government, and it is the normal rule or special action that directly interferes with market allocation mechanism and indirectly change the decision-making of the enterprise and consumer,† (Spulber N.D. as cited in Zhao 2008). As going to be explained below, it is important for the host country to regulate as well as supervise the activities of the investors. Regulation is important as it serves as a measure to prevent the emergence of low efficient competition especially in horizontal mergers (Zhao 2008). In some instances, multinational corporations can merge with the powerful competition in the host country with the aim of controlling the market of the host country. This is not advocated as it destroys competition in the host country whereby the multinational corporations can end up reaping huge monopoly profits at the expense of the citizens of the host country. Competition will become inefficient and this will be against the intention of the host country to promote growth of the economy through equitable means. The main purpose of granting permission to mergers and acquisitions to operate in host countries is to stimulate economic growth, the reason why it is important f

Alexander Hamilton vs Aaron Burr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alexander Hamilton vs Aaron Burr - Essay Example This dual occurred on July 11, 1804. Both Hamilton and Burr served as officers in the revolutionary war and then later tuned to politics. Hamilton became the secretary of American treasury during the George Washington administration and Burr became the New York senator and the vice president of America in the Thomas Jefferson administration. Even though the conflicts between them started as early as in the 1790’s, it attained fearful proportions in the early part of the 19 th century. (McNamara) Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr fought for the ticket of Democratic-republican alliance for the President election in 1800. Both of them got 73 electoral votes each and the fight ended in a tie. Hamilton used this occasion very well and wrote letters and used all his influence with the Federalists to thwart Burr. The voting went on for several days, and after 36 ballots the tie was finally broken. Thomas Jefferson became the President of United States and Aaron Burr was declared as the vice president. It is believed that Alexander Hamilton played a major role in defeating Aaron Burr (Election of 1800 Was Significant and  Controversial) In 1804, even though Aaron Burr ran for governor of New York State, he lost the election, due to vicious attacks levelled against him by Hamilton The conflict between these two prominent figures continued at the beginning of the 19 th century also and finally Burr issued a challenge. Both of them agreed to finish their conflict in a dual fight. They agreed to assemble at a duelling ground on the heights in Weehawken, across the Hudson River from Manhattan, on the morning of July 11, 1804 with their supporters (McNamara). Burr arrived first at the sight as agreed between them and Hamilton arrived after the Burr and his supporters took positions. Both the parties exchanged salutations before the beginning of the fight. They positioned at a distance of ten full paces. They then proceeded to load the pistols in each

Special Education Research Critique Essay Example for Free

Special Education Research Critique Essay REFERENCE Rickson, D. J., Watkins, W. G. (2003). Music therapy to promote prosocial behaviors in aggressive adolescent boys A pilot study. _Journal of Music Therapy, 40_(4), 283-301. PURPOSE The hypothesis of this research study was to determine if music therapy would help promote prosocial behaviors in aggressive boys. These subjects have different social, emotional, and learning disorders. METHOD The subjects were selected from a group of 88 young boys who have intellectual, social, and emotional deficits. These boys were enrolled in a special education facility in New Zealand. The students who started before May 2000 and after March 2001, which was 49 students, were not included because of the likelihood of them leaving before the study was completed. This left a remaining 39 students. These students were given the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) test. A total of 21 students were excluded due to lack of aggressiveness and already gone through musical therapy. Researchers were left with 18 boys whose ages ranged from about 11 years and six months to 15 years and three months. These subjects had an extreme measure on the CBCL test. 12 of the boys were already diagnosed with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Of the 12, five had a dual diagnosis which included Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) or Conduct Disorder (CD). Four had a general developmental delay and two had a head injury along with depression. About half of the boys were taking psychotropic medication. They were randomly assigned into two music groups of six and one control group of six. One subject was suspended right after the therapy began. Another quit after a few minutes into a session. Also, one more was suspended from school after one session due to extreme  disruptive and aggressive behavior. A total 15 students completed the treatment. The treatment was the participants were placed into different music groups. In the music groups, the students would do different musical activities and express themselves through music. RESULTS There was an increase in disruptive and aggressive behavior in Group 1. This is a negative result due to the treatment. Group 2 had no changes in behavior. Group 3 also had little to no change in their behavior at school. AUTHORS CONCLUSION No significant statistical differences were found after the treatment was completed. Because there was no difference, there can be no definitive conclusion to be made by the author. Some social workers did record small improvements that were interesting and could lead to further study. They noted that the subjects were not as aggressive as they were before the research study. The author would also like to try to do another study but have it be based on a specific diagnosis of the subject. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The usefulness of this treatment is very minimal. The results after the treatment was conducted were negative or neutral overall. If I were to try and implement it into a classroom environment, I am not sure if it will be helpful in any way. CRITIQUE I feel like this study not fully prepared or researched. The researchers did states their hypothesis, addressed the results, and the sample size. But the treatment itself was not successful. The sample size for this kind of treatment should have been bigger than just 15 students. The researchers could have gone and tested other schools or even elementary and high school.  A sample size of 15 subjects cannot represent 100 subjects. In conclusion, this musical treatment study was not well planned out.

Developing Critical Thinking Essay -- Critical Thinking Reflection

A person is not born as a good critical thinker. The first thing that is needed is a level of maturity having the ability to conceptualize and understand the world (Boss, 2010). The skills that are associated with a person that has good critical thinking are: Analytical Skills: recognize and evaluate arguments to filter through to the truth. Effective Communication: ability to listen, speak, and write effectively. Research Skills: ability to gather, evaluate, and create supporting evidence. (Boss, 2010) In teaching critical thinking, Dr. Chan and Dr. Lau (n.d.) explain good critical thinking, â€Å"as the foundation of science and a liberal democratic society. Science requires the critical use of reason in experimentation and theory confirmation. The proper functioning of a liberal democracy requires citizens who can think critically about social issues to inform their judgments about proper governance and to overcome biases and prejudice.† A person with a level of maturity that is able to be research issues, through being analytical, and done by using good communication skills can be considered a good critical thinker. In my life, I have gone from not being a good critical thinker to getting much better as I have matured. In my younger years I used many of the resistances to critical thinking. The one that I used most often was distraction. This was especially true when I was in college for the first time. Many things were able to distract me from focusing on the tasks at hand. Now in my forties returning to school I have more clarity around the goals and this lets me accomplish the tasks more easily. I can listen, analyze, and research the issues more quickly and with more focus to accomplish the mission then in ... ...t created the universe before the big bang? God might not be just a figment created by religion but could be the ultimate creator of all that we see. Works Cited Boss, J. (2010), Think: Critical thinking and logic skills for everyday life (1st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Chan, J. & Lau, J. (n.d.). Module: about critical thinking. Retrieved from http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php Goleman, D. (2001). Daniel Golemen: emotional intelligence. Thinkers. Charter Management Institute. Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA85608627&v=2.1&u=lirn_crevc&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w Hasan, M. (2012, January 9). God need not be the enemy of science. New Statesman [1996], 141(5087), 19. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA279138538&v=2.1&u=lirn_crevc&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w Developing Critical Thinking Essay -- Critical Thinking Reflection A person is not born as a good critical thinker. The first thing that is needed is a level of maturity having the ability to conceptualize and understand the world (Boss, 2010). The skills that are associated with a person that has good critical thinking are: Analytical Skills: recognize and evaluate arguments to filter through to the truth. Effective Communication: ability to listen, speak, and write effectively. Research Skills: ability to gather, evaluate, and create supporting evidence. (Boss, 2010) In teaching critical thinking, Dr. Chan and Dr. Lau (n.d.) explain good critical thinking, â€Å"as the foundation of science and a liberal democratic society. Science requires the critical use of reason in experimentation and theory confirmation. The proper functioning of a liberal democracy requires citizens who can think critically about social issues to inform their judgments about proper governance and to overcome biases and prejudice.† A person with a level of maturity that is able to be research issues, through being analytical, and done by using good communication skills can be considered a good critical thinker. In my life, I have gone from not being a good critical thinker to getting much better as I have matured. In my younger years I used many of the resistances to critical thinking. The one that I used most often was distraction. This was especially true when I was in college for the first time. Many things were able to distract me from focusing on the tasks at hand. Now in my forties returning to school I have more clarity around the goals and this lets me accomplish the tasks more easily. I can listen, analyze, and research the issues more quickly and with more focus to accomplish the mission then in ... ...t created the universe before the big bang? God might not be just a figment created by religion but could be the ultimate creator of all that we see. Works Cited Boss, J. (2010), Think: Critical thinking and logic skills for everyday life (1st ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. Chan, J. & Lau, J. (n.d.). Module: about critical thinking. Retrieved from http://philosophy.hku.hk/think/critical/ct.php Goleman, D. (2001). Daniel Golemen: emotional intelligence. Thinkers. Charter Management Institute. Retrieved March 10, 2012 from http://go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA85608627&v=2.1&u=lirn_crevc&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w Hasan, M. (2012, January 9). God need not be the enemy of science. New Statesman [1996], 141(5087), 19. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.ezp-02.lirn.net/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA279138538&v=2.1&u=lirn_crevc&it=r&p=GPS&sw=w

General Haig

Did General Haig Deserve To Be The Butcher of the Somme In June 1914 a Serb assassinated Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the throne of the Austrian Empire. Austria decided to take revenge against Serbia and invaded. However, Serbia had an alliance with Russia, and Russia with France. Germany came to the aid of Austria. One by one, the powers of Europe were pulled into war by their alliances. This source is taken from a book called â€Å"Investing History a World Study By 1916†. The French were fighting at Verdun for 2 years in trench warfare and no one was winning.The French were on the brink of defeat so they asked the British could they attack on the Somme Valley to give the French some breathing space. The British bombarded the German trenches for 7 days non-stop. Over 3 million shells hit the German trenches. However the Germans built underground bunkers made out of concrete. On July 1st 1916 the first waves of the British soldiers went over the top and were ordered to walk t o the German trenches at walking pace thinking that all of the Germans were dead when the bombardment stoped however then the Germans came out of the bunkers and shot the British down with machine guns.On the first day of the battle 20,000 British soldiers were killed and 30,000 soldiers were injured or wounded. Sir General Haig was in charge of the British at the time. People think that Haig should be remembered as the â€Å"butcher of the Somme† because he sent thousands of British soldiers to their deaths. Some people thought that Haig was a donkey leading lions. Over 1 million men volunteered to fight in 1914 thinking it would be over by Christmas but the battle of the Somme kept going until November 1916 the battle lasted five months. By the time the battle ended 420,000 British soldiers were dead.It was the biggest British military disaster in British history, based on British and German first hand accounts on the battle. The other interpretation of Haig is that he was just doing his job because he was just sending men as he was ordered to do. Source 1A is a valid source to find out the truth about General Haig because a private Fred Pearson on the Western Front, was commented On Haig in a local newspaper in 1966 and he said â€Å"The biggest murderer in the Somme of the lot was Haig I’m very bitter; always have been and always will be and everybody else that knew him.He lived 50 kilometres behind the line and that’s about as near as he got. I don’t think he knew what a trench life was like and they made him an earl and gave him ? 100,000. I know what I’d given him. I think this is reliable because the person who wrote this source is that he was there on the western front and he experienced what the war was like and what Haig was doing. Source 1B and source 2 is good to find out the fact that General Haig was a butcher of the Somme. P. Smith, a private in the 1st border regiment fighting on the Somme, writing in his di ary July 1916.Said, â€Å"It was pure bloody murder. Douglas Haig should have been hung drawn and quartered for what he did on the Somme. What this means is that Haig sent Millions of the young generation to their deaths and no one had really to replace them in their villages or towns. The cream of British manhood was shattered in less than six hours. This is reliable and useful because Private P. Smith was actually there at the battle of the Somme and he saw thousands of friends, family, killed and he foresaw Haig’s doing. Haig was a second-rate commander in a unparalleled and unforeseen circumstances. He was not endowed with any of the elements of imagination and vision and he certainly had none of that personal magnetism which has enabled great leaders of men to inspire multitudes with courage, faith and a spirit of sacrifice he was incapable of planning vast campaigns on the scale demanded on so immense a battle†. This was written by David Lloyd George, British Pri me Minster during the First World War, writing in his War Memoirs (1935). This is reliable becauseSource 6 is valid information about finding the truth about Haig because it’s a cartoon and in it the major general is addressing the men before an attack behind the lines. â€Å" I want you to understand that there is a difference between a rehearsal and the real thing. There are three essential differences: first, the absence of the enemy. Now turning to the Regimental Sergeant- Major what is the second difference? † Sergeant Major. † The absence of the General, Sir. † This source was written in a cartoon to make fun out of the generals as seen in the cartoon. It was written in (February 1917) a cartoon from the British satirical magazine punch.Source 7 is a good evidence to find out the truth about Haig because in this source Blackadder is trying to change General Haig’s mind about going over the top but Haig doesn’t change his mind. [This is t aken from the BBC TV comedy series, Blackadder, which continually portrayed Haig and the generals as fools and murders. In this scene Blackadder is trying to persuade Haig to get him sent home while Haig plays games with toy British soldiers. The series was broadcast in the 1990s. ] I’ am now going to look at source 8 in this source John Laffin writing in his history book

Introduction to Axis Bank

INTRODUCTION TO AXIS BANK Commercial banking services which includes merchant banking, direct finance infrastructure finance, venture capital fund, advisory, trusteeship, forex, treasury and other related financial services. As on 31-Mar-2009, the Group has 827 branches, extension counters and 3,595 automated teller machines (ATMs). Axis Bank was the first of the new private banks to have begun operations in 1994, after the Government of India allowed new private banks to be established.The Bank was promoted jointly by the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I), Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) and General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC) and other four PSU insurance companies, i. e. National Insurance Company Ltd. , The New India Assurance Company Ltd. , The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. and United India Insurance Company Ltd. The Bank today is capitalized to the extent of Rs. 359. 76 corers with the public holding (othe r than promoters) at 57. 79%. The Bank's Registered Office is at Ahmadabad and its Central Office is located at Mumbai.The Bank has a very wide network of more than 853 branches and Extension Counters (as on 30th June 2009). The Bank has a network of over 3723 ATMs (as on 30th June 2009) providing 24 hrs a day banking convenience to its customers. This is one of the largest ATM networks in the country. The Bank has strengths in both retail and corporate banking and is committed to adopting the best industry practices internationally in order to achieve excellence. HISTORY OF AXIS BANK In 1993, the Bank was incorporated on 3rd December and Certificate of business on 14th Dece11mber.The Bank transacts banking business of all description. UTI Bank Ltd. was promoted by Unit Trust of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India, General Insurance Corporation of India and its four subsidiaries. The bank was the first private sector bank to get a license under the new guidelines issued by th e RBI. In 1997, the Bank obtained license to act as Depository Participant with NSDL and applied for registration with SEBI to act as `Trustee to Debenture Holders'. Rupees 100 crores was contributed by UTI, the rest from LIC Rs 7. 5 crores, GIC and its four subsidiaries Rs 1. crores each. In 1998, the Bank has 28 branches in urban and semi urban areas as on 31st July. All the branches are fully computerized and networked through VSAT. ATM services are available in 27 branches. The Bank came out with a public issue of 1,50,00,000 No. of equity shares of Rs 10 each at a premium of Rs 11 per share aggregating to Rs 31. 50 crores and Offer for sale of 2,00,00,000 No. of equity shares for cash at a price of Rs 21 per share. Out of the public issue 2, 20,000 shares were reserved for allotment on preferential basis to employees of UTI Bank.Balance of 3, 47, 80,000 shares were offered to the public. The company offers ATM cards, using which account-holders can withdraw money from any of th e bank's ATMs across the country which is inter-connected by VSAT. UTI Bank has launched a new retail product with operational flexibility for its customers. UTI Bank will sign a co-brand agreement with the market, leader, Citibank NA for entering into the highly promising credit card business. UTI Bank promoted by India's pioneer mutual fund Unit Trust of India along with LIC, GIC and its four subsidiaries.In 1999, UTI Bank and Citibank have launched an international co-branded Credit card. UTI Bank and Citibank have come together to launch an international co-branded credit card under the MasterCard umbrella. UTI Bank Ltd has inaugurated an off site ATM at Ashok Nagar here, taking the total number of its off site ATMs to 13. m In 2000, the Bank has announced the launch of Tele-Depository Services for Its depository clients. UTI Bank has launch of `iConnect', its Internet banking Product. UTI Bank has signed a memorandum of understanding with equitymaster. om for e-broking activiti es of the site. Infinity. com financial Securities Ltd. , an e-broking outfit is Typing up with UTI Bank for a banking interface. Geojit Securities Ltd, the first company to start online trading services, has signed a MoU with UTI Bank to enable investors to buysell demat stocks through the company's website. India bulls have signed a memorandum of understanding with UTI Bank. UTI Bank has entered into an agreement with Stock Holding Corporation of India for providing loans against shares to SCHCIL's customers and funding investors in public and rights issues.ICRA has upgraded the rating UTI Bank's Rs 500 crore certificate of deposit programmed to A1+. UTI Bank has tied up with L&T Trade. com for providing customized online trading solution for brokers. In2001, UTI Bank launched a private placement of non-convertible debentures to rise up to Rs 75 crores. UTI Bank has opened two offsite ATMs and one extension counter with an ATM in Mangalore, taking its total number of ATMs across t he country to 355. UTI Bank has recorded a 62 per cent rise in net profit for the quarter ended September 30, 2001, at Rs 30. 5 crore. For the second quarter ended September 30, 2000, the net profit was Rs 19. 08 crore. The total income of the bank during the quarter was up 53 per cent at Rs 366. 25 crore. In 2002, UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that Shri B R Barwale has resigned as a Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 02, 2002. A C Shah, former chairman of Bank of Baroda, also retired from the bank’s board in the third quarter of last year. His place continues to be vacant. M Damodaran took over as the director of the board after taking in the reins of UTI.B S Pandit has also joined the bank’s board subsequent to the retirement of K G Vassal. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Paul Fletcher has been appointed as an Additional Director Nominee of CDC Financial Service (Mauritius) Ltd of the Bank. And Shri Donald Peck has been appointed as an Additional Director (nom inee of South Asia Regional Fund) of the Bank. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that on laying down the office of Chairman of LIC on being appointed as Chairman of SEBI, Shri G N Bajpai, Nominee Director of LIC has resigned as a Director of the Bank.In 2002, B Paranjpe & Abid Hussain cease to be the Directors of UTI Bank. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that in the meeting of the Board of Directors following decisions were taken: Mr Yash Mahajan, Vice Chairman and Managing Director of Punjab Tractors Ltd were appointed as an Additional Director with immediate effect. Mr. N C Singhal former Vice Chairman and Managing Director of SCICI was appointed as an Additional Director with immediate effect. ABN Amro, UTI Bank in pact to share ATM. UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that a meeting of theBoard of Directors of the Bank is scheduled to be held on October 24, 2002 to consider and take on record the unaudited half yearly/quarterly financial results of the Bank for the half year/Quarter ended September 30, 2002. UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri J M Trivedi has been appointed as an alternate director to Shri Donald Peck with effect from November 2, 2002. In 2003, UTI Bank Ltd has informed BSE that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of the company held on January 16, 2003, Shri R N Bharadwaj, Managing Director of LIC has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank with immediate effect. UTI Bank, the private sector bank has opened a branch at Nellore. The bank's Chairman and Managing Director, Dr P. J. Nayak, inaugurating the bank branch at GT Road on May 26. Speaking on the occasion, Dr Nayak said. This marks another step towards the extensive customer banking focus that we are providing across the country and reinforces our commitment to bring superior banking services, marked by convenience and closeness to customers. -UTI Bank Ltd. has informed the Exchange that at its meeting held on June 25, 2003 the BOD have decided the following: 1) To appoint Mr. A T Pann ir Selvam, former CMD of Union Bank of India and Prof.Jayanth Varma of the Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad as additional directors of the Bank with immediate effect. Further, Mr. Pannir Selvam will be the nominee director of the Administrator of the specified undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) and Mr. Jayanth Varma will be an Independent Director. 2) To issue Non-Convertible Unsecured Redeemable Debentures up to Rs. 100 crs, in one or more tranches as the Bank's Tier – II capital. -UTI has been authorized to launch 16 ATMs on the Western Railway Stations of Mumbai Division. -UTI filed suit against financial institutions IFCI Ltd in the ebt recovery tribunal at Mumbai to Recover Rs. 85cr in dues. -UTI bank made an entry to the Food Credit Program me; it has made an entry into the 59 cluster which includes private sector, public sector, old private sector and co-operative banks. -Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of UTI has resigned as the director of the bank. - Banks Chairman and MD Dr. P. J. Nayak inaugurated a new branch at Nellore. -UTI bank allots shares under Employee Stock Option Scheme to its employees. -Unveils pre-paid travel card ‘Visa Electron Travel Currency Card' -Allotment of 58923 equity shares of Rs 10 each under ESOP. UTI Bank ties up with UK govt fund for contract farm in -Shri B S Pandit, nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI-I) has resigned as a director from the Bank wef November 12, 2003. -UTI Bank unveils new ATM in Sikkim. In 2004, Comes out with Rs. 500 mn Unsecured Redeemable Non-Convertible Debenture Issue, issue fully subscribed -UTI Bank Ltd has informed that Shri Ajeet Prasad, Nominee of the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (UTI – I) has been appointed as an Additional Director of the Bank w. e. f. January 20, 2004. UTI Bank opens new branch in Udupi-UTI Bank, Geojit in pact for trading platform in Qatar -UTI Bank ties up with Shriram Group Cos -Unveils premium payment facility through ATMs applicable to LIC UTI Bank customers –Metal junction (MJ)- the online trading and procurement joint venture of Tata Steel and Steel Authority of India (SAIL)- has roped in UTI Bank to start off own equipment for Tata Steel. -DIEBOLD Systems Private Ltd, a wholly owned subsidiary of Diebold Incorporated, has secured a major contract for the supply of ATMs an services to UTI Bank -HSBC completes acquisition of 14. 6% stake in UTI Bank for . m -UTI Bank installs ATM in Thiruvananthapuram -Launches Remittance Card' in association with Remit2India, a Web site offering money transfer services In 2005, UTI Bank enters into a banc assurance partnership with Bajaj Allianz General for selling general insurance products through its branch network. -UTI Bank launches its first Satellite Retail Assets Centre (SRAC) in Karnataka at Mangalore. In 2006, UBL sets up branch in Jaipur -UTI Bank unveils priority b anking lounge. MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK Promoters: Axis Bank Ltd. has been promoted by the largest and the best Financial Institution of the country, UTI.The Bank was set up with a capital of Rs. 115 crore, with UTI contributing Rs. 100 Crore, LIC – Rs. 7. 5 Crore and GIC and its four subsidiaries contributing Rs. 1. 5 Crore each SUUTI – Shareholding 27. 02%Erstwhile Unit Trust of India was set up as a body corporate under the UTI Act, 1963, with a view to encourage savings and investment. In December 2002, the UTI Act, 1963 was repealed with the passage of Unit Trust of India (Transfer of Undertaking and Repeal) Act, 2002 by the Parliament, paving the way for the bifurcation of UTI into 2 entities, UTI-I and UTI-II with effect from 1st February 2003.In accordance with the Act, the Undertaking specified as UTI I has been transferred and vested in the Administrator of the Specified Undertaking of the Unit Trust of India (SUUTI), who manages assured return schemes along w ith 6. 75% US-64 Bonds, 6. 60% ARS Bonds with a Unit Capital of over Rs. 14167. 59 crores. The Government of India has currently appointed Shri K. N. Prithviraj as the Administrator of the Specified undertaking of UTI, to look after and administer the schemes under UTI where Government has continuing obligations and commitments to the investors, which it will uphold.MEANING OF WHOLE BANKING OPERATION The Wholesale Banking contains products sold to large and middle market commercial companies, as well as to consumers on a wholesale basis. This includes lending, treasury management, mutual funds, asset-based lending, commercial real estate, corporate and institutional trust services, and investment banking through Wells Fargo Securities. The company also owns Baring ton Associates, a middle market investment bank.Wells Fargo historically has avoided large corporate loans as stand-alone products, instead requiring that borrowers purchase other products along with loans which the bank s ees as a loss leader. One area that is very profitable to Wells, however, is asset-based lending: lending to large companies using assets as collateral that are not normally used in other loans. This can be compared to subprime lending, but on a corporate level. The main brand name for this activity is â€Å"Wells Fargo Foothill,† and is regularly marketed in tombstone ads in the Wall Street Journal.Wells Fargo also owns Eastdil Secured, which is described as a â€Å"real estate investment bank† but is essentially one of the largest commercial real estate brokers for very large transactions (such as the purchase and sale of large Class-A office buildings in central business districts throughout the United States). The wholesale banking operations consist of the following transactions: 1. Opening of Account 2. Issue of Check book 3. International Debit / Credit Card 4. Issue of Demand Draft (DD) 5. Net banking 6. e-mail statement 7. phone banking 8.Insta Query 9. Insta Alert 10. Bill pay 11. Passbook 12. Quarterly Account Statement 13. Loan Facility definitions of banking * A bank is a financial institution licensed by a government. Its primary activity is to lend money. Many other financial activities were allowed over time. For example banks are important players in financial markets and offer financial services such as investment funds. * Banking can also be defined as engaging in the business of keeping money for savings and checking accounts or for exchange or for issuing loans and credit. Transacting business with a bank; depositing or withdrawing funds or requesting a loan. * Bank – a supply or stock held in reserve for future use (especially in emergencies) MEANING of BANK An organization, usually a corporation, chartered by a state or federal government, which does most or all of the following: receives demand deposits and time deposits, honors instruments drawn on them, and pays interest on them; discounts notes, makes loans, and invests in securities; collects checks, drafts, and notes; certifies depositor's checks; and issues drafts and cashier's checks.PRADUCT OF AXIS BANK * Easy Access Saving Account * Saving Account for Women * Prime Saving Account * Senior Citizens Saving Account * Priority Banking * Corporate Salary Account * Trust /NGOs Saving Account * Resident Foreign Currency Account * Online Trading Account * Current Account * Term Deposits * Locker Facilities * NRI Services * Depository Services * Financial Advisory Services * Wealth Management Services * Insurance Solutions – Life and General * Retail Loans * Credit Loans * Travel Currency Cards * Remittance Cards CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION CHEQUE DROP BOX FACILITY: – RBI's Committee on Procedures and Performance Audit on Public Services have recommended that both the drop box facility and the facility for acknowledgement of the cheques at the regular collection counters should be available to customers and no branch sh ould refuse to give an acknowledgement if the customer tenders the cheques at the counters. * ISSUE OF CHEQUE BOOK: – The Committee has observed that some banks do not allow depositors to collect their cheque book at the branch but insist on dispatching the cheque book by courier to the depositor.Further, it is stated by the Committee that the depositor is forced to sign a declaration that a dispatch by the courier is at the depositor's risk and consequence and that the depositor shall not hold the bank liable in any manner whatsoever in respect of such dispatch of cheque book. Committee has observed this as an unfair practice and advised banks to refrain from obtaining such undertakings from depositors. Banks should also ensure that cheque books are delivered over the counters on request to the depositors or his authorized representative. STATEMENT OF ACCOUNT / PASS BOOK: – The Committee has noted that banks invariably show the entries in depositor’s passbooks / statement of accounts as â€Å"By Clearing† or â€Å"By Cheque†. Further, in the case of Electronic Clearing System (ECS) and RBI Electronic Funds Transfer (RBIEFTR) banks invariably do not provide any details even though brief particulars of the remittance are provided to the receiving bank. In some cases computerized entries use sophisticated codes which just cannot be deciphered.With a view to avoiding inconvenience to depositors, banks are advised to avoid such inscrutable entries in passbooks statements of account and ensure that brief, intelligible particulars are invariably entered in passbooks / statements of account. Banks may also ensure that they adhere to the monthly periodicity prescribed by us while sending statement of accounts. TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES Banks act as payment agents by conducting checking or current accounts for customers, paying cheques drawn by customers on the bank, and collecting cheques deposited to customers' current accounts .Banks also enable customer payments via other payment methods such as telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, and ATM. Banks borrow money by accepting funds deposited on current accounts, by accepting term deposits, and by issuing debt securities such as banknotes and bonds. Banks lend money by making advances to customers on current accounts, by making installment loans, and by investing in marketable debt securities and other forms of money lending. Banks provide almost all payment services, and a bank account is considered indispensable by most businesses, individuals and governments.Non-banks that provide payment services such as remittance companies are not normally considered an adequate substitute for having a bank account. Banks borrow most funds from households and non-financial businesses, and lend most funds to households and non-financial businesses, but non-bank lenders provide a significant and in many cases adequate substitute for bank loans, and money market funds, cash manag ement trusts and other non-bank financial institutions in many cases provide an adequate substitute to banks. ACCOUTING FOR BANK ACCOUNTBank statements are accounting records produced by banks under the various accounting standards of the world. Under GAAP and IFRS there are two kinds of accounts: debit and credit. Credit accounts are Revenue, Equity and Liabilities. Debit Accounts are Assets and Expenses. This means you credit a credit account to increase its balance, and you debit a debit account to increase its balance. This also means you debit your savings account every time you deposit money into it (and the account is normally in deficit), while you credit your credit card account every time you spend money from it (and the account is normally in credit).However, if you read your bank statement, it will say the opposite that you credit your account when you deposit money, and you debit it when you withdraw funds. If you have cash in your account, you have a positive (or credi t) balance; if you are overdrawn, you have a negative (or deficit) balance. The reason for this is that the bank, and not you, has produced the bank statement. Your savings might be your assets, but the bank's liability, so they are credit accounts (which should have a positive balance).Conversely, your loans are your liabilities but the bank's assets, so they are debit accounts (which should have a also have a positive balance). Where bank transactions, balances, credits and debits are discussed below, they are done so from the viewpoint of the account holder which is traditionally what most people are used to seeing. ECONOMIC FUNCTION * ISSUE OF MONEY: – In the form of banknotes and current accounts subject to cheque or payment at the customer's order. These claims on banks can act as money because they are negotiable and/or repayable on demand, and hence valued at par.They are effectively transferable by mere delivery, in the case of banknotes, or by drawing a cheque that the payee may bank or cash. * NETTING AND SETTELEMENT OF PAYMENT: – Banks act as both collection and paying agents for customers, participating in interbank clearing and settlement systems to collect, present, be presented with, and pay payment instruments. This enables banks to economies on reserves held for settlement of payments, since inward and outward payments offset each other. It also enables the offsetting of payment flows between geographical areas, reducing the cost of settlement between them. * CREDIT INTERMEDIATION: –Banks borrow and lend back-to-back on their own account as middle men. * CREDIT QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: – Banks lend money to ordinary commercial and personal borrowers (ordinary credit quality), but are high quality borrowers. The improvement comes from diversification of the bank's assets and capital which provides a buffer to absorb losses without defaulting on its obligations. However, banknotes and deposits are generally unsecured; if the bank gets into difficulty and pledges assets as security, to rise the funding it needs to continue to operate, this puts the note holders and depositors in an economically subordinated position. MATURITY TRANSFORMATION: – Banks borrow more on demand debt and short term debt, but provide more long term loans. In other words, they borrow short and lend long. With a stronger credit quality than most other borrowers, banks can do this by aggregating issues (e. g. accepting deposits and issuing banknotes) and redemptions (e. g. withdrawals and redemptions of banknotes), maintaining reserves of cash, investing in marketable securities that can be readily converted to cash if needed, and raising replacement funding as needed from various sources (e. g. wholesale cash markets and securities markets).BANKING CHANNELS Banks offer many different channels to access their banking and other services: * A branch, banking centre or financial centre is a retail location where a bank or f inancial institution offers a wide array of face-to-face service to its customers. * ATM is a computerized telecommunications device that provides a financial institution's customers a method of financial transactions in a public space without the need for a human clerk or bank teller. Most banks now have more ATMs than branches, and ATMs are providing a wider range of services to a wider range of users.For example in Hong Kong, most ATMs enable anyone to deposit cash to any customer of the bank's account by feeding in the notes and entering the account number to be credited. Also, most ATMs enable card holders from other banks to get their account balance and withdraw cash, even if the card is issued by a foreign bank. * Mail is part of the postal system which itself is a system wherein written documents typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages containing other matter, are delivered to destinations around the world. This can be used to deposit cheques and to send or ders to the bank to pay money to third parties.Banks also normally use mail to deliver periodic account statements to customers. * Telephone banking is a service provided by a financial institution which allows its customers to perform transactions over the telephone. This normally includes bill payments for bills from major billers (e. g. for electricity). * Online banking is a term used for performing transactions, payments etc. over the Internet through a bank, credit union or building society's secure website. * Mobile banking is a method of using one's mobile phone to conduct simple banking transactions by remotely linking into a banking network. Video banking is a term used for performing banking transactions or professional banking consultations via a remote video and audio connection. Video banking can be performed via purpose built banking transaction machines (similar to an Automated teller machine), or via a videoconference enabled bank branch. TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANK * Investment banks â€Å"underwrite† (guarantee the sale of) stock and bond issues, trade for their own accounts, make markets, and advise corporations on capital market activities such as mergers and acquisitions. * Merchant banks were traditionally banks which engaged in trade finance.The modern definition, however, refers to banks which provide capital to firms in the form of shares rather than loans. Unlike venture capital firms, they tend not to invest in new companies. MORTGAGE BANKING Mortgage banking deals primarily with originating mortgage loans and servicing them. Read more about it here as well as about what a career in mortgage banking involves. Mortgage banking is meant for a single purpose, to service the real estate finance industry. Mortgage banking deals specifically with originating mortgage loans as well as servicing them.Mortgage banks are state-licensed entities from which consumers can get mortgage loans directly. Usually, mortgage banks avail funds from the Federal National Mortgage Association, or FNMA, also known as Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or FHLMC, also known as Freddie Mac, or any other large companies that service mortgages, which are related to the secondary mortgage market. Here are a few pointers about the nitty-gritty of mortgage banking. * MORTGAGE BANK SPECIALIZE IN MORTGAGE LOANS: – Unlike a savings bank that is federally chartered, in general mortgage banks specialize in only providing mortgage loans.Hence, customers do not deposit their money in these banks. As has been mentioned above, the secondary wholesale market is their primary source of funds. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae are examples of the lenders in the secondary market. * MORTGAGE BANKS DIFFER IN SIZE: – While some mortgage banks can be nationwide, others can originate a volume of loan that can exceed that of a commercial bank that is nationwide. Many of these mortgage banks utilize specialty servicers like Real T ime Resolutions to carry out tasks like fraud detection work and repurchase. MORTGAGE BANKS HAVE TO SOURCES OF RAVENUE: – The two main sources of income are from loan servicing fees (if they are into loan sevicing0, and fees from loan origination. Mortgage bankers, by and large, are choosing not to service the loans they have originated. That is because they are entitled to earn a service-released premium by selling them soon after the mortgage loans are closed and funded. The investor in the secondary market that purchases the loan has the ability of earning revenue for providing servicing of the loan every month the borrower keeps the loan. DEFFERENT BANKING LAW APPLY TO MARTGAGE BANK: – Mortgage banks usually operate under banking laws that are quite different, according to the state they operate in. You will need to check each individual state’s financial department or state banking in order to get list of mortgage bankers in each state. While federal laws a pply to the operation of a federal bank, in terms of consumer protection, usually consumers have additional rights, which are applicable according to each state. * MORTGAGE BANKERS CAN BE MORE COMPETITIVE: –Since they only specialize in lending and do not have to subsidize any of the losses that other departments may have incurred, as in regular banking, mortgage bankers have the ability of being really competitive when lending for mortgage. However, they usually do not have the advantage of accessing adjustable rate mortgages that are low cost, which federal banks are typically associated with, and federal money access. * A CAREER IN MORTGAGE BANKING: – Professionals in mortgage banking in the job market today need to have a college degree in business or finance, or some specific experience or training related to the field.Skills in good customer service, an inherent ability with numbers, and computer skills are also essential requirements for mortgage banking jobs. A mortgage banking professional’s job involves reviewing credit scores, determining the kind of loan that is most beneficial for the customer and guiding them through the process of application as well as closing. The loan officer has to be very organized and detail oriented, and need to be able to handle the large amounts of paperwork and reporting that are required for getting loans approved, up to the closing.A mortgage banking professional also has to have thorough know-how about the regulations associated with federal mortgage as well as the various types. KYN (KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER) As per KYC guideline the RBI has advised banks to follow KYC guidelines of RBI mandates banks to collect three proofs from their customers they are 1 Photograph 2 Proof of Identity 3 Proof of address Accordingly, Axis bank has framed its KYC procedure according to which, a photograph and documentary proof of personal identification and address proof are required t be provided.The account Opening form provides the nature of documents required / procedure to be followed for opening a new account. You may also log in to our website www. axisbank. com for such information which is displayed product-wise. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF AXIS BANK SAVING ACCOUNT INFORMATION Definition: A deposit account at a bank or savings and loan which pays interest, but cannot be withdrawn by check writing. * TYPE OF SAVING ACCOUNT IN AXIS BANKING * * ZERO BALANCE SAVING ACCOUNT: – At Axis Bank it has been constant endeavor to create products specifically catering to your needs.The account while offering a whole range of services also addresses your latent need of having an account without the hassle of maintaining an average quarterly balance. * FEATURES: – 1. No Average Quarterly Balance requirement 2. Free International Debit Card with an Accidental Insurance cover up to Rs. 2 lakhs* (charges for the primary holder are waived) 3. Free mobile banking facility 4. Access through more than 825 branches and more than 3595 ATMs 5. At-Par cheque facility with the clearing limit of Rs 50,000 6. 24Ãâ€"7 Tele banking & Internet banking . Free quarterly statements 8. Free monthly e-statement * CONDITION APPLY: – 1. Initial funding of Rs. 5,500. 2. Account maintenance fee of Rs. 500 per annum * KRISHI SAVING ACCOUNT (KHETI HO KHUSHAHALI KI): – Axis Bank offers a unique savings account which is easy to operate and allows you to transact immediately. This product has been specially designed keeping in mind the unique requirements of a farmer and true to its nature has been called the Krishi Savings Account. Some of the features of our new product are: * AVERAGE BALANCE REQUIREMENT: –This account is offered with the requirement of maintaining the half-yearly average balance of Rs 1000 only. * INTERNATIONAL MASTER DEBIT CARD: – The Krishi Savings Account entitles you to an International Master Debit Card with which you can access your account an ytime through the Axis Bank ATM network free of cost. This card comes with a cash withdrawal limit of Rs 25,000 per day. Free Accident Insurance cover of Rs 2 lacks. * ANYWHERE BANKING: – Being a Krishi account holder, you are entitled to access our wide network of more than 825 branches and 3595 ATMs across 440 cities.You can now easily carry out your transactions through any of the branches or ATMs. * AT PER CHEQUE BOOK: – Your Krishi Savings Account comes with the At-Par Cheque facility. This facility enables you to en cash the cheques as local instruments at any of the 440 centers where the Bank has its presence, at no extra cost. Moreover, you can also issue cheques at other centers up to the limit of Rs 50,000. * EASSY ACCES SAVING ACCOUNT(BANKING MADE EASY): – * A :Accessibility * C :Convenience * C :Comfort * E :Earnings * S :Speed * S :Service Want a savings account that transcends geographical boundaries?Presenting, Axis Bank's Easy Access Savings Acco unt. The account is an endeavor by the Bank to understand the consumers' needs and redefine banking to suit your requirements for a truly comfortable banking experience. Easy Access Savings Account gives you instant access to your money anywhere, anytime. Possessing a range of unmatched features, it has been devised to better suit the convenience of our eclectic client base. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. ,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. * At-par cheque * ATM Network * Anywhere Banking * Tele banking * iConnect * Mobile Banking * Quarterly account statement * Quarterly interest @ 3. 5 % per annum * Free monthly e-statement. You can avail of all these services with a minimum quarterly average balance of Rs. 5,000 in metro or urban centers, Rs. 2,500 in semi urban centers and Rs. 1,000 in rural centers. * CORPORATE SALARY ACCOUNT: – Our Corporate Salary Power Offe ring is designed to offer payroll solutions through in a 24 X 7 environment.We leverage on our extensive network of distribution channels spread across 450 centers through a network of more than 827 branches and 3595 ATMs besides our superior service delivery model and product features, as a strong differentiator, to provide value to the end user. * BENEFIT TO EMPLOYERS: – * Efficient salary disbursal. Web Upload – Transfer salaries/reimbursements directly from your current account with Axis Bank to your employee's accounts using I Connect from your office. * Single-instruction salary credit – Same day salary credits for all companies having Corporate Account with Axis Bank.Dedicated Relationship Manager at metro locations to understand the financial requirements of your employees. * BENEFIT TO EMPLOYEES: – * No minimum balance criteria. * Unparalleled Access – Anywhere banking facility through our network of Branches, ATM and Internet banking faci lity. * AT Par cheque books payable locally at all Axis Bank locations. * International Debit cum ATM cards with enhanced Cash withdrawal facility and other value add ones. * Online Banking with funds transfer, online shopping and bill payment options. * Depository services with free online trading accounts. Meal Cards on a master card platform. * Employee Reimbursement accounts as a savings account variant. Preferential pricing on loan products and credit cards and other banking products ; services. CURRENT ACCOUNT INFORMATION * CHANNEL ONE: (FOR SUCCESSFUL BUSINESSES) The ‘Channel One’ Current Account is an effort in that direction where we take care of your day to day banking requirements leaving you with more time for your business. Channel One Current Account is most appropriate choice of successful businesses. At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 10 lacks. FEATURES: 1.Relationship Manager 2. Doorstep Banking 3. Anywhere Banking 4. Free Internet Banking 5. Fre e 24 hour Tele banking 6. Mobile Banking Service 7. International debit card 8. cheque Protection Facility 9. Free 24 – hour cheque deposit facility 10. Payment of Government Taxes/ Dues 11. Foreign exchange services. * ZERO HASSLE BALANCE Small businesses rising on the growth graph need the right of nurturing and appropriate solution for their growing banking requirements. Recognizing these needs, Axis Bank present you the Local Current Account geared to answer all kinds of local business requirements.At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. Nil. FEATURES: 1. Zero Balance facility 2. 75 free transactions every month 3. Rebate on Annual Charges 4. Up front Annual Fee 5. Mobile Banking 6. ATM cum International Debit Card 7. Free Internet Banking 8. Tele banking 9. Free Monthly Account Statement * BUILDERS AND REAL ESTATE Axis Bank understands the increasing demands on businesses in this segment . Here’s presenting the Axis Bank Builder ; Real Estate Current Account a c urrent account with unparalleled product features built to suit Builders ; Realtors exclusively.This account offers you unmatched convenience while adding financial value to your businesses spread over geographies. . At a monthly Average Balance (MAB) of Rs. 5 Lacks this account comes loaded with special facilities and benefits, most appropriate for your business. FEATURES: 1. Home Branch Cash Deposit 2. Non – Home Branch Cash Withdrawal 3. Free Anywhere Banking 4. Cluster facility 5. Zero Balance account for Vendors and Suppliers 6. Franking Facility 7. Customer cheque printing 8. Internet Banking 9. Free 24-hour Phone banking 0. Mobile Alerts 11. ATM cum Debit Card 12. Free Monthly Account Statement TRAINING AND WHOLE BANKING OPERATIONS * CORPORATES Corporate Banking reflects Axis Bank's strengths in providing our corporate clients in India, a wide array of commercial, transactional and electronic banking products. We achieve this through innovative product development and a well-integrated approach to relationship management. * Funded Services: Working Capital Finance, Bill Discounting, Export Credit, Short Term Finance, Structured Finance, Term Lending. Non Funded Services: Letter of Credit, Collection of Documents, Bank Guarantees. * Value Added Services: Syndication Services , Real Time Gross Settlement, Cash Management Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Reimbursement Account, Bankers to Right/Public Issue, Forex Desk, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Employees Trusts, Cash Surplus Corporate, Tax Collection. * Internet Banking: Supply Chain Management, Corporate Internet Banking. SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES At Axis Bank we understand how much of hard work goes into establishing a successful SME.We also understand that your business is anything but â€Å"small† and as demanding as ever. And as your business expands and enters new territories and markets, you need to keep pace with the growing requests that come in, which may lead to purchasing new, or updating existing plant and equipment, or employing new staff to cope with the demand. That's why we at Axis Bank have assembled products, services, resources and expert advice to help ensure that your business excels.Solutions are designed to meet your varying needs. The following links will help you identify your individual needs. Funded Services: Funded Services from Axis Bank are meant to directly bolster the day-to-day working of a small and a medium business enterprise. From working capital finance to credit substitutes; from export credit to construction equipment loan we cater to virtually every business requirement of an SME. Click on the services below that best define your needs Non-Funded Services: Under Non-Funded services Axis Bank offers solutions that act as a catalyst to propel your business.Imagine a situation where you have a letter of credit and need finance against the same or you have a tender and you need to equip yourself with a guarantee i n order to go ahead. This is exactly where we can help you so that you don't face any roadblocks when it comes to your business. The following are the services that will precisely tell you what we can do Business Accounts, Letters of Credit, Collection of Documents, Axis Bank Trade, Guarantees, Cash Management Services, Money Market Desk, Derivatives Desk, Services to Cash Surplus Corporate, Services to Employee Trusts, Bankers to Rights/Public Issue, Tax Collection.Specialized Services: Axis Bank is one of the most trusted entities when it comes to specialized services like selling of precious metals to customers. Under specialized services you can also avail customized control of your value chain through our internet banking platform. Value Added Services: There is a plethora of services that we offer under value added services. There's corporate salary account which ensures smooth payment methods to your staff. You can avail an assortment of credit cards and debit cards from our merchant services.The following are the highlights of this service: Real Time Gross Settlement, Reimbursement Account, Custody Services, Corporate Salary Accounts, Merchant Services, Axis Bank Gold Business Credit Card. Internet Banking: Internet banking is a revolutionary service under the banking sector and Axis Bank is a forerunner in providing you with this service. We provide state-of-the-art payment gateway services to industries and companies in order to ease transaction processing. This in turn enhances the credibility of your business and makes banking extremely cost-efficient.GOVERNMENT SECTOR: Axis Bank acts as an active medium between the government and the customers by means of various services. These services include : * Tax Collection wherein customers can directly pay their taxes like Direct taxes, Indirect taxes and Sales Tax collections at their local Axis Bank * E-Ticketing – Helps the customer by providing him a direct access to book a Railway Ticket onli ne and get it home delivered * * Opening of L/C's is done by the bank on behalf of Government of India, Mints and Presses, thus facilitating imports for the Government. Collection of levies and taxes on behalf of Municipal Corporations i. e. Kalyan -Dombivli Municipal Corporation, is undertaken by the Bank. * Disbursement of Pension to retired Employees of Central Govt and Defense is directly done by Axis Bank along with the disbursement of pension to the members of EPFO (Employees Provident Fund Organization) * Electronic Collection of fees on behalf of DGFT is done by the bank too * Ministry of Corporate Affairs – Collection of ROC fees for the Ministry through authorized Branches and Net Banking.Collection of Property Tax through Selected Branches on behalf of Municipal Corporation of Delhi. FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS * FINDINGS: – 1. Bank is having 853 branches all over the country. 2. The number of branches should be increased. * SUGGESTIONS:- 1. Number of Branches should be increased covering a wider area in various states. 2. A wide publicity to be given about the organization and its products through various means of communications to keep growth moments. 3. More number of training and educational programmers’ should be included in Banks schedule. . Developing a learning culture through continuous learning process. COMPETETIORS * ICICI Bank Ltd. * HDFC Bank Ltd. * State Bank of India * HSBC Bank * RBS (Royal Bank of Scotland) * Maharashtra Bank of India * Canara Bank * Andhra Bank * IDBI bank * Bank of India * Punjab National Bank * Central Bank * Allahabad Bank * ING Vysya * Centurion Bank CONCLUSION Axis bank has developed manifold in short period of time due to facilities and services provided to their customer and this growth rate can be keep it up if they start to go in semi-urban areas.In last couple of years they have opened new many branches and they should open many more. The working staffs are very co-operative in nature an d due to that the bank will also get good benefit. Axis Bank has provided their customer Net-banking facilities and due to that transactions are done fast. Charges at Axis Bank are on lower side when we compare it with other Banks BIBLIOGRAPHY SR. NO. | REFERENCE| 1| * A New Beginning : The Turnaround Story Of Indian Bank| 2| * Bank Marketing : Concepts And Applications| | Banking And Finance| 4| Banking Developments in India| 5| Basics of Banking| 6| Bank leaflet and Boucher| 7| Internet| CONTENTS * INTRODUCTION TO AXIS BANK * HISTORY OF AXIS BANK * MANAGEMENT OF AXIS BANK * DEFINITION OF BANK * PRODUCT OF AXIS BANK * CUSTOMER SERVICE IN BANKING OPERATION * TRADITIONAL BANKING ACTIVITIES * ACCOUNTIG FOR BANK ACCOUNT * ECONOMIC FUNCTION * BANKING CHANNELS * TYPES OF INVESTMENT BANK * MORTGAGE BANKING * ORGANISATION STRUCTURE * FINDINGS AND SUGGETIONS * COMPETETIORS * CONCLUSION * BIBLIOGRAPHY