Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Total Reward (Google) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Total Reward (Google) - Essay Example ng high compensation that is contingent on the performance of the employee; higher salary that what is normally paid for a comparable job and specific performance related incentives, such as bonuses. As Pfeffer (1998) points out, one of the means most companies use to attract high calibre employees to their organization is to offer them high salaries and added monetary benefits. In the case of Google, the Company not only offers a good monetary package, it also offers other rewards such as a sum of up to $8000 a year in tuition reimbursement, unlimited sick leave and 27 days of paid time off after a year of employment. (www.greatplacetowork.com). Additionally, the Company also provides employees the opportunity to avail of a five year leave of absence to pursue an education worth up to $150,000. Additional perks are also available on the job, such as medical, dental and child care facilities, valet parking and free meals. A total rewards programs helps employees to feel motivated and valued. It helps them feel that their organization really cares about them and about their welfare. A study that was carried out by Batt (2002) to examine the relationship between the quit rates of employees in call centres and their organizational performance to the kind of human resource reward practices that were being used at the firm. The findings in this study showed that quit rates were lower and there were high levels of sales growth in those call centres where employees participated in decision making and were offered HR incentives such as job security and high levels of pay. Since there is a great demand for talented employees in the workforce, the level of competition among employers to attract such employees is high and the offer of greater monetary benefits may serve to achieve this objective. Google requires very skilled and talented employees and its higher salaries, bonuses and incentives have proved to be very effective, because it is ranked as one of the best
Monday, October 28, 2019
Treatments of Parkinson’s diseases Essay Example for Free
Treatments of Parkinson’s diseases Essay Parkinson’s disease is a neurological condition that affects the sufferer’s mobility and also the speech. It affects the central nervous system leading to a person’s inability to control body movement and also speech. It is a disease whose treatment does not intend to cure it but instead, aims at controlling its manifestation. There are various ways in which this can be done. It may involve the use of drugs, performance of surgery and also physical exercise is encouraged. It progresses gradually from the early stages with mild symptoms to later stages with severe symptoms.            The disease is as a result of lowered formation and action of dopamine which is produced by the dopaminergic neurons found in the brain. This then led to the formation of drugs that will either increase the formation or mimic the actions taken by dopamine in the brain. This was important because an increase in the levels of dopamine would lead to a reduction of the effects of the disease. All the drugs used to control the disease all include dopamine as their main active agent regardless of how it works. Depending on which class of drugs it belongs to, it may either mimic or produce dopamine.            Among the earliest forms of treatments are the anticholinergics. These were used even before the introduction of levodopa which is the most widely used drug. The anticholinergics had very mild benefits when they were compared to the harmful side effects that followed its use. The side effects include having a dry mouth, urine retention which especially occurs among men, it also causes very severe constipation and nausea. There are some other side effects that occur that are more serious and are among the major reasons why the use of these drugs has become minimal. These include confusion memory loss and hallucination (http://www.mayoclinic.com).            The realization that the benefits realized were much less than the side effects it causes has led to the reduction of its prescription. Since some anti-depressants and antihistamine diphenhydramine tend to have the almost the same effects as the anticholinergics, some doctors prescribe them to older people who are suffering from Parkinson’s disease. Once an individual realizes that they are having hallucinations and the other severe symptoms, it is adviced that the use of the drug be stopped immediately.            Levodopa is drug that was introduced in 1967 and is currently the most commonly used drug. It is mostly addressed to as Sinemet and is used to help restore the control that one has over the muscles. It is referred to as a gold standard because it is introduced at the time when the symptoms are very mild at the onset of the disease. Once it gets into the body, it is converted inside the brain into dopamine. It therefore increases the level of dopamine that is found in the brain and counters the effects of the disease. (http://www.fdu.gov). the conversion to dopamine is what leads to the positive effects that a patient experiences when using the drug.            It however has very serious side effects which include nausea and dyskinesias (involuntary movement). This occurs because only a small percentage of it enters the dopaminergic neurons to be transformed into dopamine in the brain. The rest of it is transformed in to dopamine in the body. It therefore becomes necessary to use cardibopa which delays the metabolism of levodopa until it reaches the dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The combination hence helps reduce the side effects caused by the drug because once the metabolism takes place only in the brain it means that the side-effects are not felt as much as when it occurs in the body.  The other problem posed by the use of this drug is that its dosage needs to be increased over time. It has also been observed that it works on and off without any explained cause as to why this happens. This makes it unreliable because its effects are not constant and at times the patient gets violent attacks while still under medication. The various side effects and unreliability of levodopa leads to the necessity to combine it with various other drugs to make it more effective. Some of these drugs can be used on their own while others actually require to be used with the levedopa-cardibopa combination.            A cluster of drugs called dopamine agonists are usually used in a combination with the levodopa-cardibopa drugs. They can however also be used on their own. If used without the use of cardibopa-levodopa therapy, it can only be when the diseased has not progressed far and also only works well in younger adults. In other words it is used alone when the symptoms are mild and only in younger adults. This class of drugs does not produce or help in the production of dopamine but instead imitates the effects that dopamine has in the body. (http://www.mayoclinic.com). In other words, they tend to act on behalf of dopamine.            This class of drugs include; Apokyn, Requip, Parlodel and Mirapex. Parlodel used to be administered some time back but of late its use has become less. This is because it had very serious side effects that endangered the patient more than it benefited him/her. It would cause inflammation in the lungs and/or heart valves of the user and thus would lead to further deterioration of the patients’ health. In general this class of drugs has side effects that are almost similar to those of carbidopa-levodopa but with slight differences. The effects of having involuntary movement are reduced while those of hallucinations and/or sleepiness are increased.            The drug Mirapex takes up the role of dopamine in the body as it is one of the dopamine agonists. When it is used in the absence of levodopa-cardibopa, it causes a 30% improvement in the health of the patient. When used in combination, it is able to reduce the intake of the levodopa dosage by about 25%. Requip is also a dopamine agonist that can also be used either alone or with levodopa. When used together with levodopa, it can reduce the intake of the close by around 31%. The reduction of the dosage is on top of increased benefits to the patient (http://www.fda.gov). Catechol-o-methyltransferace inhibitors which are usually abbreviated as COMT inhibitors, are used block the enzymes that break down the levodopa into dopamine even before it reaches the brain thus causing severe side effects and minimal benefits to the patient. They can be used in combination with the levodopa-cardibopa therapy. The two main COMT inhibitors are Tasmar and Entacapone. Tasmar is rarely used because of its severe impact on the health of the user. It causes severe liver damage and hence is only used as a last resort if the patient has failed to respond to any other therapy (http://www.mayoclinic.com)            Stalevo is the result of a combination of cardibopa, levodopa and entacapone. Entacapone does not have side-effects as severe as those of tasmar and hence is preferred than tasmar. Its major side-effect is the involuntary movements experienced by the user. It works in conjunction with the cabidopa-levodopa therapy by increasing their availability. This is done by blocking the enzymes that break down the substance into dopamine until the drug is already in the brain. This then means that the effects of cabidopa-levodopa are prolonged because they occur only in the brain.            Selegiline also referred to as Eldepryl is another drug that can either be used with or without the presence of carbidopa-levodopa therapy. It works by preventing the metabolism of dopamine. It does this by slowing down the activity of one of the enzymes that metabolize dopamine. This is the monoamine oxidase B which is abbreviated as MAO-B. The use of selegiline has other positive effects like delaying the need of carbidopa-levodopa. When combined with carbidopa-levodopa it improves the effectiveness of the drug. It can however have some adverse toxic reactions when combined with Demerol which is a narcotic drug.            Apart from ingesting drugs, they can be administered through the skin through the use of a silicon-based patch. Rotigotine is a dopamine agonist drug that can be administered through the skin but can only be used in the early stages of the disease. This is called Neupro-rotigotine transdermal system. The patch requires to be changed every 24 hours. It works by stimulating the dopamine receptors in the body. Its side-effects include skin reaction where the patch is hallucinations, insomnia, drowsiness, sleep-attacks, nausea, vomiting and the most severe is the reduction in blood pressure once the person stands up (http://www.fda.gov).            Amantadine is another drug that is used in treatment of Parkinson’s disease but its use was discovered by accident. Initially it was to be an antiviral used in the treatment of influenza and was approved as such in 1976 by Food and Drug Administration. It was however discovered to provide relief if only short term when used alone in the early stages of the Parkinson’s disease. When it is combined with carbidopa-levodopa it can be used by those in the later stages. It has side effects that mostly involve swelling of the ankles and also turning the skin color to purple (http://www.mayodinic.com).            In every human beings body, there is the presence of coenzyme Q10 which is produced by the mitochondria. This enzyme is used in the transport of electrons so that they can gain energy from the oxygen inhaled. This is done in the process called cellular respiration. The levels of this enzyme are very low in those suffering from Parkinson’s disease. These people can therefore benefit greatly by having more of this enzyme which can only be done by taking supplements. This then aids in helping slows down the onset of the disease and these supplements can be brought from a pharmacist.            Apart from the use of drugs, there are various surgeries that can be used to control the effects of the disease. One of the surgeries is pallidotomy which involves the destruction of a small bit of the globus pallidus. This is because it is overactive in those suffering from Parkinson’s disease. It is done by drilling a small hole in the skull and using an electric probe to do the destruction. It can only be done when the patient is sedated but awake so as the judge his or her reactions to stimuli. It is done on one side of the brain at a time and may be done more than once if necessary. Its side effects mostly involves impaired speech (http://www.fda.gov)            Thalamotomy is another surgical procedure used in the control of Parkinson’s disease. It is only performed on those patients who are experiencing tremors in either the hand or the arm and these tremors become too severe to the point of disabling that person. It involves the destruction of a specific group of cells that are in the thalamus in the brain. It has been found to be successful in that it reduces or completely eliminates the tremors in around 90% of those who undergo the procedure (http://www.fda.gov).  There is also the presence of a gadget that can be equalized to the pacemaker used for cardio problems and is referred to as a â€Å"brain pacemaker†(http://www.fda.gov). This is a form of therapy is referred to as Active Tremor Control Therapy. It involves the surgical implantation of an insulated wire to the brain. It is placed in the thalamus region of the brain, the subthalamic nucleus, and also the globus pallidus area of the brain. It is referred to as a neurostimulator whose main task occurs in the process of a tremor occurring. The whole system includes three components which are: lead, extension and the neurostimulator. This system is referred to as Deep Brain Stimulation because it occurs directly inside the brain. A small hole is made in the skull and through it the lead is inserted into the brain. The lead is a very thin wire that is insulated. The tip of the lead is in contact with the area that has been targeted. Once it has been implanted, it is connected to the neurostimulator by the extension which is also an insulated wire (http://minds.nih.gov). The extension passes under the skin and moves from the head, to the neck, shoulder and finally to where the neurostimulator is located. The neurotransmitter is located either under the collarbone, in the abdomen or the lower chest area just directly under the skin. The neurotransmitter involves a battery pack that sends electrical impulses to the brain. This is done through the extension and finally the lead. When the person is undergoing tremors, he or she is supposed to pass a handheld magnet over the location of the neurostimulator. The electrical impulses that are sent by the neurostimulator work by blocking the electrical signals that are the cause of the Parkinson’s disease symptoms. These are dysfunctional brain signals and they are the cause of the tremors. This procedure is preferred because it does not destroy the nerve cells and hence when one wants to stop its use it is as easy as having the system surgically removed. This is then makes it possible for one to use it comfortably especially as it has minimal if any side effects. This system has no reported side effects as yet as it only involves inserting and removing a piece of wire in the brain. Works cited Henkel John, Parkinson’s Disease: New Treatments Slow Onslaught of Symptoms U.S Food and Drug Administration 1998. Retrieved on 22 November 2007 from http://www.fda.gov/fdac.features/19981498.html Mayoclinic.com Tools for healthier lives Parkinson’s disease Treatment April 12 2007 Retrieved on 22 November 2007 from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/parkinsons-disease/DS00295/DSECTION=8 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS Deep Brain Stimulation For Parkinson’s Disease Information Page last update Nov 19 2007 Retrieved on 22 November 2007 from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/deep_brain_stimulation/deep_deep_stimulation.htm U.S Food and Drug Administration Neupro Patch for Parkinson’s Approved May 14 2007 Retrieved on 22 Nov 207 from http://www.fda.gov/consumer/updates/neupro051407.html
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Benjamin Franklin and Henry David Thoreaus Religions Essay -- Frankli
Benjamin Franklin and Henry David Thoreau's Religions Benjamin Franklin and Henry David Thoreau are by no means religious in any traditional sense of the word. If, however, â€Å"religious†is taken to mean the â€Å"belief in any sort of supreme being...that obliges ethical or moral conduct†, then both Franklin and Thoreau fall into this category. Though the two are strikingly opposite in their manner and social interaction, they are both held to a religious and personal standard. Their individual spiritual beliefs, ethical codes, and their â€Å"quality of life†show that all of their actions and thoughts are held by themselves to a higher standard. Both men have specific beliefs about the existence of God and man’s place in the world. Franklin is a self-proscribed â€Å"deist†, one who believes in God but not church, because of its nature. His attitude was that man runs the church, it’s the beliefs that are important, the praising and honoring of God on a daily basis, not the institution. Throughout the Autobiography, he mentions his prayers and the fact that he enjoyed going to non-formal sermons. He also supported the church monetarily for the benefit of others. Thoreau did none of these things, but he was still a highly spiritual individual. He did not proscribe to any particular religion but did hold the belief in one supreme being who created the universe. He believed that one should have a true experience with the world according to how it was made and that man was endowed with common sense by the creator. He says that humans â€Å"no longer camp as for a night, but have settled down on earth and forgotten heaven†( Thoreau 25). This is why he believed societ... ...reets of Philadelphia. This is consistent with his religious views. Thoreau on the other hand was anti- machine, almost anti-society. He said that there are â€Å"a thousand [people] hacking at the branches of evil to one who is striking at the root†(Thoreau 51). He believed society would be better off not through inventions but if every individual took it upon themselves to find their own true path. Though differing, these two views express the same idea: leading humanity towards what is right. Regardless of their differences, Franklin and Thoreau are focused on a spiritual, humanist, non-shallow viewing of the world. Both don’t just do things because it is the thing to do or out of fear, but because of their beliefs. They feel obliged to a higher conduct because of their religious views of the world, whether â€Å"religious†or not.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
Caterpillar Ethics
Caterpillar’s Views on Ethics and Sustainability Caterpillar, Inc. is indeed one of the World’s most Ethical companies. In 2011 it was listed in Ethisphere’s World’s Most Ethical (WME) Companies under Industrial Manufacturing. Personal Ethics Caterpillar has a worldwide Code of Conduct. The values it stresses are integrity, excellence, teamwork, commitment. They understand the importance of diversity and strive to achieve all of the above values given a diverse world environment and despite their differences. They feel that compliance within the laws are not sufficient.They want be leaders in ethics. They require all leaders within the company to be a role model and follow all of the rules with the Worldwide Code of Conduct. They are known to have a value-based culture. They are honest and refuse to make any â€Å"improper payments†of any sort. Ethics within the Supply Chain Caterpillar says in their Worldwide Code of Conduct that they â€Å"seek strong, mutually rewarding business relationships with suppliers who enhance the value of our products and services through close collaboration throughout the entire life cycle.We view suppliers as extensions of our company and an essential part of our extended value chain. We look for suppliers and business allies who demonstrate strong values and ethical principles and who support our commitment to quality. We avoid those who violate the law or fail to comply with the sound business practices we embrace. No supplier is required to buy Caterpillar products in order to compete for business or to continue as a supplier.We do reserve the right, consistent with applicable law, to require suppliers to use Caterpillar equipment when performing work on Caterpillar premises and where Caterpillar offers a product appropriate for the work being performed. We encourage fair competition among our potential suppliers, contractors and other vendors, and work equitably and reasonably with allâ₠¬ . Ethical Behavior Regarding the Environment Caterpillar strives to come up with solutions that improve their operations efficiency in a sustainable way.They balance innovation and technology to improve their productivity and efficiency while reducing their environmental footprint. One major way they are accomplishing this is with their fast growing remanufacturing business. This is where they return end-of-life components to same-as-new condition. By doing so, they vastly reduce the amount of waste and minimize the need for the amount of raw material needed to produce new parts.
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Bollywood and Gender
Research Proposal Aim: To study and compare the role of women in some of the women centric Hindi films released between 1980 to 1990 and 2000 and 2010. Objective: To study the issues of gender, caste, development that were perceived in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. A comparative study about the representation of women in Indian cinema then and now in women centric films. Scope: There are a numerous women centric films that are created in diverse languages around the world. When we focus even on one specific type, we get to know about the culture and thought process of that specific region. Also, a strong statement emerges out of the analysis which is a reflection of the prevailing ideologies in the society. This paper will be mark a statement on the thought process, beliefs of the people especially for the women. These beliefs systems and ideologies will be compared through women centric Bollywood movies that were released between 1980’s to 1990’s and 2000 to 2010. The scope can be extended to many women centric movies made in various languages other than Hindi. One can also include the earliest of the eras for a detailed comparison and in-depth study. Not only a comparison on the issues like gender and caste but also a comparison on other issues like lifestyle, costumes, movie posters etc can be done. Limitations: This paper is limited only to Bollywood films because of the language constraints. Also, only two decades have been chosen since the comparison and study would be possible with a limited number of films to study. Also, from each decade four women centric films are chosen and then studied thoroughly. Followed by is a detailed analysis of the movie based on the issues of Gender, caste, development, ideologies. Research Question: What is the difference in the representation of women portrayed earlier (1980-1990) and that which is shown now (2000-2010)? †¢ What are the factors that have affected the change in the representation of women in Hindi cinema esp. between the 1980- 1990 and 2000-2010? And how is the transition identified? †¢ Was the image of women shown in the movies of 1980-1990 stronger, bolder than tho se shown now (2000-2010)? Introduction: Confirming Aristotle’s view of art as an imitation of life, gender discrimination in the Hindi film industry does indeed reflect the bias that exists in Indian society. The gender ratio in India is heavily skewed in the favor of males (1. 08 male(s)/female) (from CIA’s publication). Thus, Indian moviegoers are presumed to be mostly menâ€â€roughly between the age of 15 to 34 years. These moviegoers, according to an all-India survey by a research organization, enjoy mindless comedies. Such thinking dominates cinematic expression in one of the world’s largest centers of film production. The Indian entertainment industry stands at $10 billion today and is expected to grow at 18 percent per annum compounded annually over the next two years (Economic Times). An average Indian spends approximately 4. 6 percent of disposable income on movie watching in theaters. And because issue-based films are not a favorite with the masses, a producer opts for subjects with more appeal so that he or she can recuperate the huge investments involved in film production. Even female filmmakers do not risk funding for their films by focusing on women-centric subjects. At New York’s iView Film Festival held in 2009, which explored gender and sexuality issues, filmmakers and actors on the panel were asked to comment on the presentation of social issues through Indian films. Zoya Akhtar, the filmmaker of Luck By Chance (2009), and a panel member commented on the female protagonist in her film saying that, â€Å"The character could have been any; the fact that she is a woman is a coincidence. †But because the film ends up centering on the story of a woman, the director struggled for six years to make the filmâ€â€apparently because numerous male actors turned down the costarring role. She had a difficult time despite her insider status in the industry as the daughter of renowned Indian scriptwriters, Javed Akhtar and the sister of an accomplished film director, actor, producer and singer, Farhan Akhtar. The absence of female centric scripts in main stream Hindi cinema is partially to be blamed because of its commercial viability. Also, commercially super-hit films like Jab We Met(2007) and Paa(2009) are termed as female centric films, but on observing closely, we realize that both the female characters in the end need their male counterpart to overcome their grief or are heavily relied on them to ensure a happy ending to their story. Hindi cinema is divided into ‘trends’ or ‘eras’. Starting from the silent ra in 1920s, Hindi cinema has evolved tremendously in terms of technique, story telling and the stories that were told. The period from late 1940s till 1960s is considered as the ‘Golden era’ of Indian cinema. Bollywood witnessed a new wave in form of content, where earlier movies focused mainly on mythological stories, after independence, their focus shifted on development issues (Do Bigha Zameen- in 1953), gender (Bandini-in 1963), caste di scrimination (Sujata-in 1959), etc. In the early years of Indian cinema, it was Bimal Roy who made a host of films in which his heroines had the lead part to play. Commercial cinema then had female centric scripts and Nutan, Meenakumari, Madhubala and Waheeda Rehman have portrayed some of the most powerful female characters in Hindi cinema and delivered super-hit films. The role played by Zeenat Amaan in the movie (Qurbani-in 1980) was much ahead of its time. It was bold and headstrong unlike of the characters that we seen in the movies of late 90’s. One of the outstabding commercial hits Seeta aur Geeta concentrated more on the heroines rather than the two heroes. Besides such mirrored plots, some movis have focused exclusively on the heroine and woven the script around a central female character. In such films, the woman has no prototype. Jaya Bhaduri’s Guddi was one of the early hits where the innocent girl next door image of a star struck teenager became representative of each school going girl for years to come. In other films like Aandhi, an educated wife changes course midway from a happily married woman to a leading politician. When we compare those films with the films produced during 1990s and later, we can see stark contrast in the way female leads were being portrayed. Not only in their portrayal of the character, but also in the way the content of the movie that was generated. At times or rather most of the times, they were meant to accomplishments to their male counterparts. Shridevi in Lamhe(1991), Madhuri Dixit in Hum Aapke Hain Koun-(1994), Karishma Kapoor in Dil to Paagal Hain-(1997), Fiza-(2000) ,Kajol in Dushman-(1998) and Aishwarya Rai in Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam-(1999), Taal-(1999) and Guzaarish-(2010) were some of the most popular leading ladies during this era. Though they were brilliant performers, they hardly were part of a movie where they were not shown adhered to the wishes of the male lead, society and family. It becomes mandatory to ultimately create an image of an ‘ideal’ girl/woman for the audience (here consumers) because that’s how our society works and secondly it becomes easy for that the idea to sell; hence increase in numbers and popularity. Films like â€Å"Dor†(2006), â€Å"Silsilay†(2005), â€Å"Tehzeeb†(2003), â€Å"Pinjar†(2003), â€Å"Chameli†(2003), â€Å"Satta†(2003), â€Å"Filhaal†(2002), â€Å"Zubeidaa†(2001) â€Å"Lajja†(2001), â€Å"Chandni Bar†(2001) and â€Å"Fiza†(2000) brought the woman into the spotlight – all these films got critical acclaim, but they didn't turn out to be a commercial hit. Surprisingly, in recent times, No One Killed Jessica was the only ‘women centric film’ that sort of worked at the box office. All said and done, it shows that we lack on ideas. We as audience are treading backward as we choose to accept only a specific image of woman being shown. Hence, I would focus on a comparative study of two different bollywood era. This will not only comment on the techniques and style of film making, but it will also comment on the kind of cinema accepted by the masses then and now. It will clearly showcase the image of a girl or a woman being shown by the film makers and its acceptance by the audience. It will talk about how issues of gender, caste, development were perceived in Indian cinema then and now. Hence, it will become a cultural comparative study of two different decades from Indian history and will help us understand that how the term ‘Indian Culture’ has evolved over a period of time. A Tentative Bibliography: †¢ Criticisicm and Truth by Roland Barthes | | |Television commercials and rural women as audience in India by Ila Patel | | | | | |Ways of Seeing by John Berger | | | | | |About Looking by John Berger | | | | | |Women and Art contested Territory by ChicagoJudy | | | | | |Bollywood in Posters by Ausaja. S. M. M. | | | | | |A Thinking Eye by Paul Klee | | Reference Links: www. indianetzone. com www. indianlink. com www. altlawforum. org www. expressindia. com www. semionaut. com www. sebsteph. com www. slideshare. net Heta Vyas MAJ 0310
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure
The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,†Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.†He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort†when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,†with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.†Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,†Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.†To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th... Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure Free Essays on In Praise Of Censure The Power of Censure In the essay, â€Å"In Praise of Censure,†Garry Wills, the Henry r. Luce Professor of American Culture and Public Policy at Northwestern University, defines censure, as oppose to censorship. Wills also strives to persuade the reader that censure, the open expression of moral disapproval, can strongly and effectively hold certain ideas up for critical analysis without suppressing them or hindering the rights protected by the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, as toleration or censorship does. Wills supports this claim with the use of factual evidence, authorative testimony, and rhetorical questions. Wills uses factual evidence to back his declarations. In the first paragraph of his essay, Wills strives to introduce examples of censorship against censure to the reader. He does this with accounts of several different instances in which censure has been used. He speaks of feminists joining â€Å"reactionaries to denounce pornography.†He narrates of how the rock musician Frank Zappa accused Tipper Gore, the wife of Al Gore, of launching an â€Å"conspiracy to exhort†when she asked that sexually explicit materials be labeled with warnings and of how Penthouse magazine charges Terry Rakolta, a house wife who withdrew her support from the sitcom, â€Å"Married†¦With Children,†with â€Å" yelling fire in a crowded theater.†Further along in â€Å"In Praise of Censure,†Wills makes an assertion concerning the First Amendment, â€Å"Belief in the First Amendment does not pre-empt other beliefs, making one eunuch to the interplay of opinions. It is a distortion to turn ‘You can express any views’ into the proposition ‘I don’t care what views you express.’ If liberals keep equating equality with approval, they will be repeatedly forced into weak positions.†To verify his contention, Wills goes to the situation in which an art gallery had cancelled an exhibit of the photographer, Robert Maplethorpe, because th...
Monday, October 21, 2019
When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019
When Do AP Scores Come Out 2019 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you've taken an AP exam recently or plan to take one soon, you’re probably wondering: when do AP scores come out?Unfortunately, you have to wait a bit longer for AP scores than you do for SAT/ACT scores. Keep reading to find out exactly when AP exam scores come out. In addition, learn where to find your AP scores and get tips on what you can do as you wait for them. AP Score Release Dates for 2019 AP scores are released each year in early July.While you’ll get all your scores at once, note that scores are rolled out over a few days. They are also released by rough geographic region. For example, in 2016 all the states on the east coast got their scores first, whereas those in the northwest got theirs last. Like in 2016,2017, and 2018, in 2019 AP scores will come out on July 5, and all of them will be released by July 9 (except for late-testing exam scores, which were released in August). The specific dates and times for AP scores in each state are listed below: 2019 AP Score Release Date States/Regions Friday, July 5* Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas Saturday, July 6* Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia Sunday, July 7* Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia Monday, July 8* California, Michigan, Ohio, Oregon Tuesday, July 9* Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, Wyoming Canada, US Territories, International *All release times are 8 am Eastern Time (ET). If you're taking a late or alternate exam date, your score will be ready between mid-July and late August. Learn more about the 2019 score release schedule at the College Board website. How Do I Get My AP Scores? AP scores are posted online on theAP student website. You'll be able to access them through your College Board account, so make sure you have your username and password on hand. You’ll also need your AP number orthe student ID number you used on your AP answer sheet. AP scores are only available online- you won't get a letter or score report in the mail. (Back when I was in high school, though, and as recently as 2013, scores were only mailed and usually arrived in mid-July. You should be excited about the online score system since it’s much faster!) Worried about your SAT/ACT score? Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now: Why Does It Take So Long to Grade AP Tests? While the fact that AP scores come out online saves some time, why does it take the College Board two months to grade AP exams when you can get your SAT scores after just a few weeks? The reason for this is that it takes a long time to grade free-response questions.Although the multiple-choice sections are graded by a computer, free responses aren’t graded until the annual AP Reading conference in June. The 2019 conference dates go fromJune 2 to June 18. This event is basically a huge conference where thousands of high school teachers and professors gather to grade all the free-response sections on AP tests. The AP Reading usually lasts about two weeks. Since it doesn’t start until June (to accommodate teachers’ and professors’ schedules), this makes the AP scoring process take longer. This is an actual picture from the 2013 Reading conference for AP Studio Art. Each portfolio is looked at by more than seven graders! Read more here if you're curious about what happens during grading. Once the conference is done, the College Board must work quickly to combine the free-response scores with the multiple-choice scores; this process involvesweighing and then scaling them to the final 1-5 scoring scale. Readers have just two weeks to do all of this before final AP scores are posted online in July. Even though the entire scoring process takes two months, it’s actually quite a feat for more than four million AP exams to be graded by real people every single year! Still Waiting for AP Scores? What to Do in the Meantime Since there's no way to see your AP scores before they're posted online, you’ll have to be patient and find a way to occupy yourself in the meantime. AP exams end in early May, but because most school years last until late May or June, try tofinish the school year strong. Your GPA is very important in college admissions, so use your time (now that the AP tests are over!) to maximize your grades, especially in your AP classes. Additionally, since you'll likely be taking finals around this time, make sure to study hard for these so that you can walk away from the class with a grade you're proud of. Finals often count for a big percentage of your overall class grade, so don't put off studying for them! If you're a freshman or sophomore, you might want touse this time to jumpstart your ACT or SAT prep. It might seem early, but the earlier in your career you begin studying for these tests, the more familiar you'll become with them (and the better you're likely to do). If you're a junior, you’ve hopefully already taken the SAT/ACT at least once. However, if you haven’t, definitely use the time after your AP test to study for one.If you've already taken the SAT/ACT but plan to retake the test, try to dive into your studies once you're done with AP tests. If you’re a senior, you'll likely have already gotten your college decisions by the time AP tests are done, so finish the year strong and enjoy graduation! What to Do After You Get Your AP Scores If you've passed your AP exams,start exploring the College Board's college database to see where you can get credit for your scores. You can also read about the College Board's score reporting serviceand begin thinking more about the college application process (if you're a junior). It won't be too long until you'll be filling this out for the first time. Start researching your options now! On the other hand, if you didn't pass an AP test, you might want toconsider retaking the exam next year, especially if it’s a course you want to get college credit for. Talk to your guidance counselor and/or AP teacher to discuss your options. Finally, check back online in August to see if you qualified for any of the AP Student awards. These are basically awards you get if you earn a certain number of passing scores on the AP tests. If you win an award, it will be included on any score reports you send to colleges. Nice! What’s Next? Above, we mentioned using your time after APs are over to jumpstart your SAT/ACT studying. Here are some of our best resources you can use: Develop an SAT/ACT studying timeline to maximize your score Learn key strategies to improve your scores onSAT Math, Reading, Writing, and theEssay Hear aboutthe most common ACT mistakeand get tips onhow to write a perfect essay Find practice tests for both the SAT and the ACT, for free online Use your dream schools tocome up with a target SAT or target ACT score Aiming for a perfect SAT/ACT score? Read our famous guides to scoring a perfect 1600 on the SAT anda perfect 36 on the ACT. Both were written by a full scorer! Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:
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